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BIO151 Cell Organelle Check list
Exam 2: Chap 3 Cell Structure & Function - Organelles (lavender sheet)
54
Biology
Undergraduate 1
03/09/2010

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Term
Site of protein synthesis
Definition
Ribosomes
Term
Photosynthesis
Definition
Chloroplasts
Term
Synthesizes ribosomes in nucleus
Definition
Nucleolus
Term
Synthesizes microtubules of cilia/flagella
Definition
Basal bodies
Term
Isolates, regulates, communicates
Definition
Cell membrane
Term
Sorts and chemically alters for export
Definition
Golgi apparatus
Term
9+2 arrangement of microtubules
Definition
Cilia and Flagella
Term
Moves the cell through fluid
Definition
Cilia and Flagella
Term
Matrix and cristae
Definition
Mitochondria
Term
Give pigments to ripe fruit
Definition
Chromoplast
Term
Adds sugars to proteins to make glycoproteins
Definition
Golgi apparatus
Term
Control center of eukaryotic cell
Definition
Nucleus
Term
DNA associated with proteins
Definition
Chromosomes
Term
Stomach of the cell
Definition
Lysosomes
Term
Thread-like strands of DNA
Definition
Chromatin
Term
Phospholipid bilayer
Definition
Plasma membrane
Term
Digests defective organelles
Definition
Lysosome
Term
Organelles found only in animal cells
Definition
Centrioles
Lysosomes
Term
Thylakoids
Definition
Found in chloroplasts in stacks of grana
Term
Basal body
Definition
Cell membrane
or
Centrioles
Term
Gives shape and support to cell
Definition
Cytoskeleton
Term
Contains DNA
Definition
Nucleus
Term
Gives shape and support to a plant cell
Definition
Cell wall

Central vacuole
Term
Aerobic respiration
Definition
Mitochondria
Term
Contains intracellular digestive enzymes
Definition
Lysosomes
Term
9+0 arrangement of microtubules
Definition
Centrioles
Term
Microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments
Definition
Cytoskeleton
Term
Stores starch in the potato cell
Definition
Leukoplast
Term
Stroma and grana
Definition
Chloroplasts
Term
Glucose yields ATP energy
Definition
Mitochondria
Term
Classified as rough or smooth
Definition
Endoplasmic reticulum
Term
Double membrane with pores
Definition
Nuclear envelope
Term
Packages materials into vesicles for export
Definition
Golgi apparatus
Term
Contains water, waste, and provides turgor pressure
Definition
Central vacuole
Term
Cellulose or chitin
Definition
Cell wall
Term
Only organelle named after a scientist
Definition
Golgi apparatus
Term
Organelles found only in plants
Definition
Cell wall
Chloroplasts
Central vacuole
All plastids
Term
Fluid mosaic model
Definition
Plasma membrane
Term
Rowing or wave-like motion
Definition
Cilia or Flagella
Term
Virchow's contribution to cell theory
Definition
Virchow was the first to state that cells come from preexisting cells.
Term
Schleiden's contribution to cell theory
Definition
Schleiden was the first to state that plants are composed of cells.
Term
Schwann's contribution to cell theory
Definition
Schwann was the first to state that animals are composed of cells
Term
Leeuwenhoek's contribution to cell theory
Definition
Leeuwenhoek was the first view cells
Term
Hooke's contribution to cell theory
Definition
Hooke was the first to label cells as cells
Term
Area from nuclear membrane to cell membrane
Definition
Cytoplasm
Term
Name four organelles specific to prokaryotic cells
Definition
Nucleoid
Pilli
Slime layers
Capsule
Term
Nucleoid
Definition
The nucleoid consists of a single chromosome (loop of DNA) found in prokaryotic cells. It is not a true nucleus because it does not have a membrane.
Term
Pili (sing. pilus)
Definition
Short hair-like projection (fimbriae) found on surface of bacteria, used to attach the bacteria to another bacteria or a eukaryotic cell.
Term
Slime layers
Definition
A gelatinous sheath which surrounds the cell wall of a prokaryotic cell.

It may or may not be accompanied by a capsule.
Term
Capsule
Definition
Gelatinous sheath which surrounds and protects the cell wall of a prokaryotic cell.
Term
Why are most cells small?
Definition
Cells are small so that the volume to surface area ratio is adequate for a cell to exchange materials with the environment. Small cell = more surface area per volume. Large cell = less surface area per volume.
Term
What is the difference of an SEM and a TEM?
Definition
An SEM is the picture obtained from a Scanning Electron Microscope. It provides a 3D surface view of specimen. The sample is coated with a thin layer of metal which gives off secondary electrons. The SEM produces a TV-like picture on a screen.

A TEM is a picture obtained from a Transmission Electron Microscope. Electrons--focused by a set of magnetic lenses--pass through a specimen, and an image is projected onto a fluorescent screen or photographic film. Images show greater detail (50,000x, distance to distinguish two points = 2 nm) but the specimen must be dried out for viewing.
Term
List three points of modern day cell theory:
Definition
1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells.

2. Cells are the basic living unit of structure and function in organisms.

3. All cells come only from other cells.
Term
Specialized organelle found in the testes that produces testosterone, and found in the liver to detoxify drugs.
Definition
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

(Smooth endoplasmic reticulum makes lipids. Testosterone is a lipid.)
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