Term
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Definition
| puberty to menopause, females periodic shedding of tissue |
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Term
|
Definition
| oviducts aka fallopian tubes |
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Term
|
Definition
| tissue built up that is shed |
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Term
| FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) |
|
Definition
pituitary gland secretes hormone (FSH)
-causes follicle that begins to produce an egg
-mature egg=follicle, starts to produce hormone ESTROGEN |
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Term
|
Definition
| helps rebuild endometrium (made of nutrient rich tissues in case of fertile egg) |
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Term
|
Definition
produced by pituitary gland.
LH serge causes follicle/egg to rupture forth; break through surface of ovary & into the fallopian tube |
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Term
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Definition
-tissue where the egg used to be
-corpus luteum produces tons of ESTROGEN and PROESTROGEN |
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Term
|
Definition
| helps build back up endometrium |
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Term
| IF SPERM DOES NOT MEET EGG |
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Definition
-LH begins to lower & corpus luteum degenerates
-estrogen & proestrogen levels lower
-endometrium wall degenerates
-wall comes out (menstration)
-once this happens, FSH goes up (cycle starts over) |
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Term
|
Definition
-occurs in follopian tube
-zygote makes way down to endometrium wall
-(IMPLANTATION) process when eggs nestles into wall
-cells around egg called HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin which prevents degineration of corpus luteum |
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|
Term
HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
(if sperm reaches) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
placenta
(if sperm reaches) |
|
Definition
-place of exchange between mother and babies blood supply
-begins to produce more HCG, estrogen, & proestrogen (prevents more follicles from being produced) |
|
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Term
HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
(if sperm reaches) |
|
Definition
produced in massive quantities - lots get dumped out in blood supply and urine
-PREGNANCY TESTS LOOK FOR HCG!! |
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Term
|
Definition
testosterone
-after puberty, males make sperm & never stop |
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Term
|
Definition
| study of what an animal does/how it acts in its environment |
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Term
Karl von frish
konrad lorenz
niko tinbergen |
|
Definition
shared nobel prize from looking at animal behavior
-konrad discovered how bee's transport pollen |
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Term
|
Definition
| evolution underlines all behaviors |
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Term
|
Definition
winter-baja california
summer-alaska
20000 km round trip |
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Term
|
Definition
| genetically programmed behavior |
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Term
|
Definition
| interaction between 2 or more animals |
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Term
|
Definition
live in central mexico
go north for summer |
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Term
|
Definition
limited time period for learning.
after time is over, cant change it |
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Term
|
Definition
-retrieve eggs from nest if eggs roll out
-immediately rolls eggs back into nest
-would continue the process even if the egg got put back by scientists |
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Term
|
Definition
structure group (alpha males)
fighting |
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Term
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Definition
| only top individuals are allowed to mate |
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Term
|
Definition
-fighting for land
-defending territory to have nice territory in order to get a female to mate |
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Term
|
Definition
| species can change over time |
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Term
|
Definition
species are fixed and do not change
believed earth was only several thousand years old |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
1778 looked at fossils, introduced evolution
did not publish results, went against special creation |
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Term
|
Definition
dug up fossils, noted nothing alive then compared to fossls, published his work
invented paleontology |
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Term
|
Definition
said that things EVOLVE
first tried to explain difference between fossils and living creatures.
stated things evolve.
-USE AND DISUSE-pass along positive traits, get rid of negatives
-CLASSICAL EXAMPLE - inherentence of acquired characteristics |
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Term
|
Definition
father was landowner
sailed on the HMS Beagle
collected fossils from his voyages
"on the origin of species...by means of natural selection" |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
DECOMPOSERS > make things rot
PARASITES > make living off other things
heterotrophs
external digestive system
types of fungi |
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Term
|
Definition
zygomycetes
ascomycetes
basidomycetes
lichens |
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Term
|
Definition
black bread mold
fast growing molds
"zygospores" |
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Term
|
Definition
bear sexual stages in fruiting bodies
sac fungi
morels
truffles
chestnut blight
dutch elm disease
penicillin |
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Term
|
Definition
club fungi
rusts
smutts
puffballs
mushrooms (poisonous) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
symbiotic relationship between green algae and fungus
together they are able to live in inhospitiable environments
ex very hot rock outcroppings
succession > lichens = pioneer species |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
moss
non vascular
vascular tissue
xylem - water
phloem - food
MOST PRIMITIVE
use spores, not seeds to reproduce |
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Term
|
Definition
vascular plants
seedless plants
invented xylem and phloem
fern, horsetails
spores to reproduce
seed plants
develop seeds
2 types of seed plants
gymnosperms > naked seed
conifers
angiospermes > seed container
flowering plants
invented fruits |
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Term
|
Definition
regular movement of critters from one place to the other
use landmarks such as mountains, rivers, star navigation, or even earths magnetic field "magnetite" |
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Term
|
Definition
| predators key in on food that is most abundant. when it is limited, they move to next abundant resource. (whichever uses least energy) |
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Term
|
Definition
| maximizing amount of calories and minimizing amount of energy spent |
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Term
|
Definition
safety in numbers (gazelles)
good for hunting (wolves) |
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Term
|
Definition
| believed in special creation, that world was only few thousand years old |
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Term
| descent with modification |
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Definition
| The theory that all living organisms rose from other species with modification |
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Term
| descent with modification |
|
Definition
| The theory that all living organisms rose from other species with modification |
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Term
|
Definition
differential reproduction success
mechanism of evolution
more offspring produced than can survive |
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Term
|
Definition
theory on evolution & sent to darwin
lived in indonesia 6 years
gave credit of evolution theory to darwin |
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Term
|
Definition
most fit individual has most fit offspring
Darwin was talking about plants and animals, not humans |
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Term
|
Definition
| observed changes in peppered moths during Industrial revolution |
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Term
|
Definition
drift that occurs when the size of a population is reduced
surviving population is no longer as genetically varied |
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Term
|
Definition
drift that occurs when a few individuals become isolated from larger population
result: the composition of the new populations gene pool is not the same as original |
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Term
|
Definition
1. stabilizing - favors average
2. directional - changes populations mean characteristic (longer hair mice survive, short dont)
3. disruptive - favors both extremes (bird beaks) |
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Term
| land plants evolved from __________ |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
multicelluar
heterotrophs
sexual reproduction
embroyonic development
body symmetry
cephalization(head/front)
nervous system mostly in head |
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Term
|
Definition
no backbone or internal support structure
make up 97 of animals |
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Term
|
Definition
internal support structure
3% of animals |
|
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Term
|
Definition
produce very smelly seeds
GINKO is most primitive |
|
|
Term
Invertebrates
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8. |
|
Definition
1. porifera (sponges)
2. Cmidaria (jellies, sea anemones,corals)
3. flat worms (flukes and tapeworms [parasitic {beginning of cephalization}])
4. nematoes - cylinder shape (body cavity) round worms, hookworms
5. Mollusk (snails and slugs)
6. Annelids - segmented worms
7. arthropods - paired, jointed appendages
arachnids, crustacea, insects
8. Echinodermes (sea stars) slight internal support (calcium plates) |
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Term
|
Definition
sponges
first animal
adults dont move, babies do
made of bunched cells, no tissue |
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Term
|
Definition
jellies, sea anemones, hydra, corals
radial symmetry
float around, inject poison
invented tissues
carnivores |
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Term
|
Definition
1st to have bilateral symmetry
flukes and tapeworms
most ar parasitic
beginning of cephalization(heads/fronts) |
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Term
|
Definition
cylinder shape
beginning of a body cavity
roundworms-common type
hookworms - good parasite of human beings (children get them) |
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Term
|
Definition
soft body
have a circulatory system (most are open)
2nd largest animal group |
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Term
|
Definition
snails and slugs
all have an exoskeleton shell |
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Term
|
Definition
| organ that secretes the shell for mollusks |
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Term
|
Definition
'two sides'
two shells that completely cover the organs
muscles, oysters, scallops |
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Term
|
Definition
come up with a closed circulatory system
squids, octapod, nodalists |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
joint-footed
paired, jointed legs
shells made of chitin |
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Term
|
Definition
| spiders, scorpions, ticks |
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Term
|
Definition
lobsters,crabs,shrimp,crawdads
mostly aquatic |
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Term
|
Definition
big group
at least 900,000 species
greatest number of species on planet
most successful arthropods |
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Term
|
Definition
seastars
most advance invertebrate
has some sort of internal support (calcium plates) |
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|
Term
Chordates (vertebrates)
4 characteristics
a.
b.
c.
d. |
|
Definition
a. notochord - cartalidge rod (backbone is)
b. dorsal nerve cord - group of nerves grouped together that lies adjacent to notocord
c. gill slits - gills closed around & turn into lungs(in humans)
d. tail |
|
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Term
|
Definition
1. myxini
2.chondrichthyes
3. osteichthyes
4. amphibians
5. reptiles
6. birds
7. mammals |
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Term
|
Definition
hag fish
cartalidge skeleton (entire)
lamprey - parasite
produce black mucus slime, low in pH.
very primitive |
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Term
|
Definition
"cartalidge fish"
sharks, skates, rays
contain jaws |
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Term
|
Definition
"boney fish"
complete bone skeleton |
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Term
|
Definition
frogs, newts, toads, salamanders
invented lungs
1st group to leave water environment
must reproduce in water
must live in very most areas
not very fast |
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Term
|
Definition
crocodiles (invented 4 chamber heart)
could reproduce on land
internal fertilization
invented scales to not dry out
very good lungs
amniotic egg
invented penis'
ruled world 400-500 million years
most have 3 chambered heart |
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Term
|
Definition
completely enclosed by waterproof shell
soft leathery egg
all moisture stays inside egg |
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Term
|
Definition
most can fly
amniotic egg (calcium, hard shell)
no teeth
all bird legs have scales
lightweight, hollow skeleton |
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Term
|
Definition
south american bird
wingspan of 7 feet
skeleton weighs only 4 ounces |
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Term
|
Definition
developed hair
young are fed by mothers milk |
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Term
|
Definition
1. monotremes
2. marsupials
3. placentals |
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Term
|
Definition
duck billed platypus
lays eggs, like birds
no teeth
fed milk by mother
most primitive mammal.
has hair |
|
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Term
|
Definition
no placenta
babies born premature
crawl out of vagina into pouch, nurse from inside
kangaroos, opossums
dominate australia |
|
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Term
|
Definition
invented placenta
young are born fully developed
much more efficient in reproduction
no placentals in australia |
|
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Term
|
Definition
study of biological diversity and its classification
Carlos Linnaes |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Genus
species
example- Homo sapiens = humans |
|
|
Term
house cat heirarchy
Domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species |
|
Definition
domain - eukarya (not bacteria
kingdom - animalia
phylum - chordate
class - mammal
order - carnivore
family - felidae (cat)
genus - felis (small cat)
species - silvestris (house cat)
subspecies - domesticus |
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|
Term
house cat heirarchy
Domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species |
|
Definition
domain - eukarya (not bacteria
kingdom - animalia
phylum - chordate
class - mammal
order - carnivore
family - felidae (cat)
genus - felis (small cat)
species - silvestris (house cat)
subspecies - domesticus |
|
|
Term
house cat heirarchy
Domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species |
|
Definition
domain - eukarya (not bacteria
kingdom - animalia
phylum - chordate
class - mammal
order - carnivore
family - felidae (cat)
genus - felis (small cat)
species - silvestris (house cat)
subspecies - domesticus |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most abundant life form on planet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
none bacteria group
4 groups of eukarya
protista
fungi
plantae
animalia |
|
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Term
|
Definition
plant like-acts like plants mostly
animal like-acts like animals mostly
absorbtus-absorb food through cell membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. diplomonads
2. euglenozoans
3. alveolates
4. stramenophiles
5. brown algae
6. red algae
7. green algae |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| species: girdia intestinalis |
|
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Term
|
Definition
trypanosoma = sleeping sickness
bit by a tsetse fly |
|
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Term
|
Definition
dinoflagellates
red tide
nerotoxins paralyze
bad for asthma
ampicomplexans
plasmodium (vector)
causes malaria |
|
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Term
|
Definition
oomycetes (water molds)
fungus like protist
cause potato famine |
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Term
|
Definition
kelps - seaweed
make algimate - thickens food |
|
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Term
|
Definition
makes agar
jello brand uses it
thicken food |
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Term
|
Definition
plane like > land plants
land plants evolved from green algae |
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