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Bio
Chapter 10
48
Biology
10th Grade
11/21/2010

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Term
What does virulent mean?
Definition
Disease-Causing
Term
What is the definition of transformation?
Definition
A transfer of genetic material from one cell to another
Term
What is bacteriophage?
Definition
viruses that infect bacteria
Term
Who discovered that the transforming agent in Griffith's experiments was DNA?
Definition
Oswald Avery
Term
What was Hershey and Chase's Conclusion?
Definition
DNA is the hereditary molecule in viruses.
Term
What is a purine?
Definition
Nitrogenous bases that have a double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms. Adenine and Guanine
Term
What are pyrimidine?
Definition
Nitrogenous babes that have a single ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms.
Cytosine and Thymine
Term
State the Complementary Base Pairs
DNA & RNA
Definition
A and T, C and G

A and U, C and G
Term
Two strands of DNA are held together by what?
Definition
Hydrogen Bonds
Term
What are 3 parts of a DNA nucleotide?
Definition
Sugar, phosphate, Nitrogen Base
Term
The Structure of DNA was determined by whom?
Definition
Watson and Crick
Term
After DNA replication, how many molecules of DNA are there produced?
Definition
2
Term
What is the process of producing mRNA from instructions in the DNA is called what?
Definition
Transcription
Term
What is a three nucleotide sequence in mRNA that encodes an amino acid?
Definition
Codon
Term
A protein is a polymer consisting of a specific sequence of what?
Definition
Amino Acids
Term
During translation one end of an tRNA molecule pairs with what?
Definition
a complementary mRNA codon
Term
Describe 3 ways that RNA differs from DNA?
Definition
1. Ribose
2. Single-Stranded
3.Uracil
Term
What molecule contains a unique combination of encoded characteristics?
Definition
DNA
Term
What molecule's function is to store and transmit genetic information?
Definition
DNA
Term
Is DNA a long or short stranded molecule?
Definition
Long
Term
Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of what?
Definition
nucleotides
Term
What type of sugar is found in DNA?
Definition
deoxyribose
Term
What type of sugar is found in RNA?
Definition
ribose
Term
What part of its molecule is DNA named for?
Definition
The D, Deoxyribose
Term
What are purines and pyrimidines examples of?
Definition
Nitrogen bases
Term
What is DNA's shape?
Definition
Double Helix
Term
What do Chargaff's rules state?
Definition
A&T, C&G
Term
What enzyme adds nucleotides to a complementary strand of DNA?
Definition
DNA polymerase
Term
What molecules transfers amino acids to ribosomes?
Definition
tRNA
Term
Which type of RNA carries instructions for making proteins?
Definition
mRNA
Term
What base is found in RNA that is not found in DNA?
Definition
Uracil
Term
During translation, a ribosome binds to what?
Definition
mRNA
Term
Where does protein synthesis occur?
Definition
ribosome
Term
What enzyme is used in transcription
Definition
rNA polymerase
Term
Where does RNA polymerase bind to begin transcription?
Definition
promoter site
Term
The Human genome contains how many chromosome pairs?
Definition
23
Term
How many genes does the human genome contain?
Definition
30,000
Term
How many base pairs does the human genome contain?
Definition
3.2 billion
Term
Who showed that cells missing protein and RNA were able to transform R cells into S cells and kill mice, but cells missing DNA could not.. ?
Definition
Oswald Avery
Term
Who used DNA labeled with radioactive phosphorous in their experiments?
Definition
Hershey and Chase
Term
When DNA replicates, the new strand is what to the other?
Definition
complementary, identical
Term
What enzyme adds bases to form a new DNA molecule?
Definition
DNA polymerase
Term
What types of bonds hold the bases together in a DNA molecule?
Definition
Hydrogen Bond
Term
What enzyme is responsible for transcribing RNA?
Definition
RNA polymerase
Term
What form of RNA carries genetic information from the DNA to ribosomes?
Definition
mRNA
Term
What sequence of DNA is at the beginning of the gene and signals RNA polymerase to start?
Definition
promoter site
Term
What is a nucleotide sequence of tRNA that are complementary to codons of mRNA called?
Definition
anticodon
Term
During translation, amino acids are brought to the ribosomes by what?
Definition
tRNA
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