Term
|
Definition
| Central Nervous System - Includes the brain and spinal column |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Peripheral Nervous System - Is made up of all the nerves outside the CNS. |
|
|
Term
| What are the divisions of the PNS? |
|
Definition
| The somatic nervous system is controlled voluntarily and all its effectors are skeletal muscles. The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary movement. It is also called the visceral nervous system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Part of the neuron that sends impulses away from the cell |
|
|
Term
| Role of the nervous system. |
|
Definition
| Detects and responds to stimuli. |
|
|
Term
| Brain and spinal cord act |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cranial nerves: carry impulses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Spinal nerves carry impulses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a. Controlled voluntarily
b. Effectors are skeletal muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An Effector is any tissue or organ that carries out commands from the nervous system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Autonomic Nervous System is also known as? |
|
Definition
| The visceral nervous system. |
|
|
Term
| The Autonomic Nervous System is? |
|
Definition
a. Controlled involuntarily
b. Effectors are smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands |
|
|
Term
| What are the two subdivisions of the ANS? |
|
Definition
| The Sympathetic Nervous System and the Parasympathetic Nervous System. |
|
|
Term
| A neuron is composed of a Dendrite, the Cell Body and an Axon. Which of the three parts might have a myelin sheath? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Functional cells of the nervous system
2. Smallest functioning unit of nerve tissue.
3. Highly specialized
4. Unique structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A dendrite, a cell body and an axon. |
|
|
Term
| Myelinated axons are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Unmyelinated fibers are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| White fatty insulating substance on the outside of peripheral nerve fibers |
|
|
Term
| Sensory or afferent neurons conduct |
|
Definition
| impulses to the spinal cord and brain |
|
|
Term
| Motor or efferent neurons carry impulses |
|
Definition
| from the CNS out to the muscles and glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A bundle of fibers in the PNS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bundles of fibers inside the CNS that usually share a common function |
|
|
Term
| Most of the cranial nerves and all of the spinal nerves are |
|
Definition
| Referred to as mixed nerves |
|
|
Term
| Mixed nerves are nerves that |
|
Definition
| Contain both Sensory and Motor neurons. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cells the protect and support the nervous system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Protects nervous tissue
2. Supports nervous tissue
3. Aids in the repair of cells
4. Acts as phagocytes to remove pathogens and impurities
5. Regulates the composition of fluids around and between cells |
|
|
Term
| Schwann cell and astrocytes are examples of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Part of the neuron that sends impulses towards the cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Electrical charge that spreads along the membrane of a neuron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Point of junction for transmitting nerve impulses |
|
|
Term
| Nerve impulse transmission of the impulse |
|
Definition
| Occurs from the axon of one cell (presynaptic cell) to the dendrite of another cell (postsynaptic cell) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The tiny gap between cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chemical signal allowing conduction of nerve impulses |
|
|
Term
| The three common neurotransmitters |
|
Definition
1. Epinephrine/adrenaline
2. Norepinephrine or noradrenaline
3. Acetylcholine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Released at neuromuscular junction - synapse between neuron and muscle cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Link between the peripheral nervous system and the brain
2. Coordinates the impulses within the CNS
3. Contained in and protected by the vertebrae |
|
|
Term
| The spinal cord has a small internal structure of _________(unmyelinated tissue) surrounded by a large area of _________________(myelinated axons) |
|
Definition
| gray matter, white matter |
|
|
Term
| In the spinal cord the gray matter forms |
|
Definition
| two columns up and down, one on each side |
|
|
Term
| The two pairs of columns in the spinal cord are called the ___________________ and _______________________ and give the gray matter an "H" appearance. |
|
Definition
| dorsal horns, ventral horns |
|
|
Term
| Impulses are carried in thousands of myelinated axons in the white matter of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the spinal column the ascending tracts are (white matter) sensory (also called _________________)impulses enter the spinal cord and are transmitted toward the brain. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the spinal cord the descending tracts, motor (or also called _______________) impulses travel from the brain to the PNS. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A complete pathway through the nervous system from the stimulus to an effector. |
|
|
Term
| As part of a reflex arc the ____________ detects the stimulus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As part of a reflex arc the __________________(or afferent) neuron transmits impulse toward the CNS. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As part of the relex arc the _____ coordinates impulses and organizes response. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As part of the reflex arc the motor or efferent neuron carries impulses away from the _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As part of the reflex arc the effector carries out ___________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Simple reflexes are rapid, uncomplicated, and _____________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A reflex that passes only through the spinal cord is a ___________________. An example of this is the stretch reflex. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reflexes are predictable which is why they are used in exams to test ___________________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lumbar puncture is removal of ______________________ for testing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A lumbar puncture is done between ________________________. |
|
Definition
| the 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebrae. |
|
|
Term
| Drugs administered to the spine are administered in ____________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In an epidural block, anesthetics block the sensation temporarily to the _________________________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pain medication can also be administered into the _________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a progressive demyllinization of the CNS causing degeneration of axons. |
|
|
Term
| Multiple Sclerosis results in |
|
Definition
1. The neuron fibers degenerate when the myelin sheaths around axons are damaged.
2. Slows the speed of the nerve impulse conduction.
3. Most chronic CNS disease of young adults affecting women twice often as men.
4. No cure; drugs to stop autoimmune response and relieve symptoms. |
|
|
Term
| ALS also known as Lou Gehrig's Disease is |
|
Definition
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. |
|
|
Term
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis |
|
Definition
| Results in progressive muscle atrophy and loss of motor control, eventually patient is unable to swallow or talk. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Viral disease of the nervous system that causes paralysis, occurs most commonly in children. |
|
|
Term
| Poliomyelitis is caused by |
|
Definition
| Ingestion of fecal contaminated water is the usual mode of transmission, virus passes into the blood then to the CNS. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vaccine for poliomyelitis developed 1954; injectable is recommended over oral. |
|
|
Term
| Spinal injuries can be caused by |
|
Definition
| Wounds, fractures or dislocations of vertebrae, herniated disks or tumors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Paralysis of both lower limbs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Paralysis of one side of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Paralysis of all four limbs |
|
|
Term
| There are ______ pairs of spinal nerves; numbered according to the level of the spine cord from which it rises. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Each nerve is attached to the spinal cord by two roots. |
|
Definition
a. Dorsal root: sensory fibers
b. Ventral root: motor fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any collection of nerve cell bodies located outside the CNS. |
|
|
Term
| There are two branches of Spinal Nerves __________________and_____________________. |
|
Definition
Plexuses: network of spinal nerves
Dermatome: region of the skin supplied by a single spinal nerve. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Shoulders, Arms, and Hands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Disorders of the Spinal Nerves |
|
Definition
1. Peripheral Neuritis
2. Sciatica
3. Herpes Zoster (shingles) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
degeneration of nerves supplying the distal extremities.
a. A symptom of an underlying disease process
b. Causes: chronic intoxication, infectious diseases, metabolic diseases and nutritional diseases. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Severe nerve pain along the great nerve which runs from the posterior hip down the leg (sciatic nerve). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a.Numerous blisters along the course of a nerve (dermatome)
a. Reactivation of prior chicken pox virus
b. The drainage from the fluid is highly contagious |
|
|
Term
| The largest part of the brain is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Cerebrum is divided into right and left hemispheres by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In addition to the Cerebrum being divided into hemispheres it is also further divided into |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Between cerebral hemispheres and brain stem |
|
Definition
| Diencephalon which includes the thalamus and hypothalamus |
|
|
Term
| Connects the cerebrum and the diencephalon |
|
Definition
The brain stem
a. Controls heart rate and breathing
b. Includes the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cerebellum
a. attached to the brain by the pons |
|
|
Term
| Layers of connective tissue surrounding the brain and the spinal cord |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The outermost layer of the meninges comes from "tough mother",; toughest and the thickest layer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The middle layer of the meninges, attached to the meninges by web-like fibers allowing for movement of the CSF between the two layers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Comes from "soft mother" is the innermost layer of the meninges and is attached to the nervous tissue of the brain and the spinal cord |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cerebrospinal Fluid is a clear liquid that |
|
Definition
| circulates in and around the brain and the spinal cord and is formed in the ventricles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a. Support nervous tissue
b. Cushion shocks to the delicate structure
c. Carries nutrients to the cells, transports waste from the cells. |
|
|
