Term
| East Africa's Lake Victoria had how many different species of what kind of fish? |
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Definition
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Term
| For the cichlid fishes, diversification happened how long ago? What body part was specialized and why? |
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Definition
| Diversified 100,000 years ago; specialized mouthparts for different food sources |
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Term
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Definition
| group of organisms can mate with its own members, not with members from other groups |
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Term
| Why did cichlid fishes die? |
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Definition
| Species died because of Nile perch, an introduced predator |
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Term
| Waters of Lake Victoria have become more polluted |
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Definition
| Resulting in species un-deversifying |
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Term
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Definition
| source of biological diversity |
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Term
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Definition
| the emergence of a new species |
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Term
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Definition
| branch of biology that names/classifies/organizes species |
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Term
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Definition
| developed binomial taxonomy system |
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Term
| biological species concept |
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Definition
| species who have the potential to interbred |
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Term
| morphological species concept |
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Definition
| classification on observable phenotypic traits |
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Term
| ecological species concept |
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Definition
| species defined by ecological role/niche |
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Term
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Definition
| species represented a set of organisms with specific evolutionary lineage |
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Term
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Definition
| isolate a species gene pool; prevent interbreeding - defined either prezygotic or postzygotic |
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Term
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Definition
| Before zygotes form / prevent mating or fertilization |
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Term
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Definition
| After zygotes form / prevent development of fertile adults |
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Term
| Temporal isolation (prezygotic barrier) |
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Definition
| mating occurs at different times |
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Term
| Habitat isolation (prezygotic barrier) |
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Definition
| different habitats, don’t ever meet |
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Term
| Behavior isolation (prezygotic barrier) |
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Definition
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Term
| Mechanical isolation (prezygotic barrier) |
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Definition
| Structural difference in genitalia/flowers (sex is not possible!) |
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Term
| Gametic isolation (prezygotic barrier) |
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Definition
| gametes die before uniting or fail to unite |
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Term
| Reduced hybrid viability (postzygotic barrier) |
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Definition
| Hybrids fail to develop/reach sexual maturity |
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Term
| Reduced hybrid fertility (postzygotic barrier) |
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Definition
| Hybrids fail to produce functional gametes |
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Term
| Hybrid breakdown (postzygotic barrier) |
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Definition
| hybrids are weak/infertile |
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Term
| If two related species live in the same area, would natural selection favor the evolution of prezygotic or postzygotic reproductive isolating mechanisms? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| geographic isolation leads to speciation (this separates their gene pools) |
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Term
| Changes in the allele frequencies may be caused by? (may be unaffected in other populations that are geographically separated) |
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Definition
natural selection, genetic drift,
and mutation |
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Term
| Likelihood of allopatric speciation when a population is... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| speciation without geographic isolation; possible causes: polyploidy, habitat differentiation, sexual selection |
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Term
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Definition
| multiplication of the chromosome number due to errors in cell division |
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Term
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Definition
| Hybridization of two different species |
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Term
Haploid gametes from two different species combine to produce a sterile hybrid
Why is the hybrid sterile? How can it reproduce? |
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Definition
| The hybrid is sterile because there are an odd number of gametes and can not pair up. Chromosome duplications through asexual reproduction can lead to reproduction |
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Term
| Sympatric speciation occurs more commonly due to |
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Definition
| habitat differentiation and sexual selection |
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Term
| How do Reproductive barriers arise? |
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Definition
| Due to populations diverging |
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Term
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Definition
| Members of different species meet and mate to produce hybrid offspring; provide opportunities to study reproductive isolation |
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Term
| What may happen in a hybrid zone? |
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Definition
| Reinforcement, fusion or stability |
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Term
| Reinforcement (hybrid zone) |
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Definition
| natural selection strengthens reproductive barriers when hybrids are less fit than parent species |
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Term
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Definition
| Weak reproductive barriers causes reversal of speciation and two species become one again |
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Term
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Definition
| Hybrids are produced; Gene flow occurs; each species maintains its own integrity |
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Term
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Definition
| Diverse species evolve from common ancestor; May occur when new opportunities arise such as colonization of new areas, mass extinction, lack of competitors, varying habitats, food sources, evolution of new structures |
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Term
| How quickly does Speciation occur? |
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Definition
| 4000-4million years, may occur rapidly or slowly |
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