Term
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Definition
| Behavioral, structural, biochemical, physiological |
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Term
| Who is Jean Baptiste Lamarck? |
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Definition
| Suggested that life on Earth evolves |
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Term
| What is Darwin's Theory of Evolution? |
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Definition
| The primary mechanism of evolutionary change producing adaptation of organisms to their environment is natural selection |
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Term
| The study of what suggested that species had changed over time |
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Definition
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Term
| Darwin proposed natural selection as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Darwin reasoned natural selection as |
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Definition
| Traits that increase their chance of surviving and reproducing in their environment tend to leave more offspring than others |
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Term
| Which evolves? Individuals or populations? |
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Definition
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Term
| Natural selection can amplify or diminish: heritable traits, acquired characteristics, or both |
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Definition
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Term
| Is evolution goal directed? Why or why not? |
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Definition
| No because favorable traits vary as environments change |
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Term
| Examples of natural selection known to occur in nature |
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Definition
| Pesticide resistance, evolution of whales from land mammals, antibiotic-resistant bacteria |
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Term
| What do fossil records show about evolution? |
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Definition
| Organisms have evolved in a historical sequence and provide strong evidence for evolution |
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Term
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Definition
| The geographic distribution of species, suggested to Darwin that organisms evolve from common ancestors |
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Term
| What is comparative anatomy? |
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Definition
| Comparison of body structures in different species |
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Term
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Definition
| Similarity in characteristics that result from common ancestry such as in vertebrate forelimbs |
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Term
| What is comparative embryology? |
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Definition
| Comparison of early stages of development among different organisms |
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Term
| What is molecular biology? |
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Definition
| Comparsion of DNA and animo acid sequences between different organisms |
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Term
| How do fossil record, biogeography, comparative anatomy, comparative embryology, and molecular biology support evolution? |
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Definition
| fossil record - historical record, biogeography - evolve from common ancestors, comparative anatomy - shows similarities in bone structure, comparative embryology - shows similarities in embryos, and molecular biology - shows common DNA |
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Term
| Homologies indicate patterns of descent which then can be shown by what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Total collection of gene in a population at any one time |
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Term
| What is an microevolution? |
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Definition
| Change in the relative frequencies of alleles in a gene pool over time |
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Term
| What can alter allele frequencies in a population? (Also known as the three main causes of evolutionary change) |
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Definition
| Natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow |
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Term
| Do mutations have any effect on the gene pool? |
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Definition
| No, they have little effect because they are rare and random |
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Term
| When does natural selection alter allele frequencies? |
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Definition
| When individuals differ in their survival and reproductive success |
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Term
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Definition
| Change in the gene pool of a population due to chance |
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Term
| What is the bottleneck effect? And what does it leads to a loss of? |
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Definition
| phenomenon where the performance or capacity of an entire system is limited by a single component; leads to a loss of genetic diversity |
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Term
| What is the founder effect? |
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Definition
| loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population; usually when a few individuals colonize a new habitat |
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Term
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Definition
| The movement of individuals or gametes/spores between populations and can alter allele frequencies in a population |
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Term
| What is stabilizing selection? |
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Definition
| a type of natural selection in which genetic diversity decreases as the population stabilizes on a particular trait value (favors intermediate phenotypes versus extreme phenotypes) |
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Term
| What is directional selection? |
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Definition
| occurs when natural selection favors a single phenotype and therefore allele frequency continuously shifts in one direction |
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Term
| What is disruptive selection? |
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Definition
| Selection that simultaneously favors individuals at both extremes of the distribution |
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Term
| What does sexual selection lead to? |
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Definition
| Phenotypic differences between males and females |
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Term
| What is Sexual dimorphism? |
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Definition
| Distinctly different appearances between genders |
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Term
| What is intrasexual competition? |
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Definition
| Competition for mates, usually by males; individuals of one sex (usually females) are choosy in picking their mates. |
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Term
| What do diploidy and balancing selection preserve? |
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Definition
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Term
| Diploidy preserves variation by? |
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Definition
| "hiding" recessive alleles |
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Term
| What is balancing selection? |
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Definition
| Selection by maintaining stable frequencies of two or more phenotypes in a population |
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Term
| What is heterozygote advantage? |
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Definition
| Heterozygotes have an advantage over homozygous |
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Term
| Why can't natural selection fashion perfect organisms? |
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Definition
| Selection can only act on existing variation; Evolution is limited by historical constraints; Adaptations are often compromises; chance, natural selection and the environment interact |
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