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| diffusion that requires energy that uses protein pumps to pump molecules 'uphill' across a membrane |
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| basic unit of all forms of life |
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| thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells; regulates what enters and leaves cells |
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| when cells develop in different ways to perform different tasks |
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| fundamental concept of biology that sums up all we know about cells |
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| strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells(not animal cells) |
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| a large vacuole in the center of a plant that fills up with water to give the plant rigidity and structure |
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| structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division |
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| organelle found in cells of plants that that captures energy from the sun and converts it into chemical energy |
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| substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones |
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threadlike structure of DNA and protein that contains genetic information
in eukaryotes; found in nucleus
un prokaryotes; found in the cytoplasm |
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| short hairlike projection that produces movement |
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| mass of solute per unit volume of solution |
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| a gradual change in the concentration of solutes in a solution |
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| a vacuole that pumps excess water out of cells that live submerged in water |
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| the internal compartments formed by the inner membrane of a mitochondrion |
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in eukaryotic cells, all cellular contents outside the nucleus
in prokaryotic cells, all of the cells contents |
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| network of protein filaments in a eukaryotic cell that gives the cell its shape and internal organization and helps with movements |
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| when particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
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| taking material into the membrane by forming pockets that break loose into the cell and becoming a vacuole |
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| a type of symbiosis in which one organism lives inside the other, the two typically behaving as a single organism |
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| where proteins and other materials to be exported from the cell are assembled |
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| when the particles in a solution are equal on both sides of the membrane, but the particles are still moving |
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| a cell that contains a nucleus |
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| the vacuole membrane fuses with the cell membrane and releases content out of the cell |
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| when molecules pass across the membrane through cell membrane channels |
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| structure used by protists for movement, moves in a wave-like motion |
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| the cell membrane is a made up of not only lipids but proteins as well that float around making a fluid mosaic |
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| organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages material or proteins for use, secretion, or storage of the cell |
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| a solution with a greater concentration of solutes |
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| when the concentration of two solutions is the same |
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| flexible double-layered sheet that makes up the cell membrane and forms a barrier between the cell its surroundings |
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| cell organelle that breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell |
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| the thinnest filaments of the cytoskeleton |
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| organelle that converts the chemical energy in compounds to make it easier for the cell to use |
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| when an organism has two or more cells making it up |
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| 2 membranes surrounding the cell with pores that allow transport in and out of the cell |
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| the structure that contains the cell's DNA |
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| group of tissues that work together to perform functions |
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| group of organs that work together to perform functions |
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| specialized structure that performs important functions within a cell |
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| diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
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| pressure that must be applied to prevent osmotic movement movement across a selectively permeable membrane |
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| movement of materials across the cell membrane without using cellular energy |
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| cellular eating, when cytoplasm extensions surround a particle and package it into a food vacuole |
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| cellular drinking, when pockets along the membrane fill with liquid then form a vacuole within the cell |
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| the process in plant cells where the cytoplasm pulls away from the cell wall due to the loss of water through osmosis. |
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| cell that lacks a nucleus |
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| pumps or channels across the membrane |
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| organelle consisting of RNA and proteins found throughout the cytoplasm; site of protein synthesis |
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| involved in the synthesis of proteins and is also a membrane factory for the cell |
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| Selectively permeable membrane |
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| property of membranes that allows some substances to pass across it while other cannot |
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| involved in the synthesis of lipids and detoxification of drugs and poisons |
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| substance that is dissolved into a solution |
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| dissolving substance in a solution |
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| on or in a cell, a specific protein to whose shape fits that of a specific molecular messenger |
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| a group of similar cels that perform a particular function |
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| when an organism consists solely of one cell |
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| cell organelle that stores materials |
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| bubble-like membranous structure that stores and transports cellular products, and digests metabolic wastes within the cell |
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| water channel protein in a cell |
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| a solution with a lesser concentraiton of solutes |
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