Term
| If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5'ATTGCA3', the other complementary strand would have the sequence |
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Definition
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Term
| White blood cells engulf bacteria through what process? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term used for a protein molecule that assists in the proper folding of other proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| One of the key innovations in the evolution of eukaryotes from a prokaryotic ancestor is the endomembrane system. What eukaryotic organelles or features might have evolved as a part of, or as an elaboration of, the endomembrane system? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is true of integral membrane proteins? |
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Definition
| They are usually transmembrane proteins. |
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Term
| An animal cell lacking oligosaccharides on the external surface of its plasma membrane would likely be impaired in which function? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is a major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells? |
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Definition
| the need for sufficient surface area to support the cell's metabolic needs |
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Term
| The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved |
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Definition
| endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell–the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria. |
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Term
| Which of the following statements about the 5' end of a polynucleotide strand of DNA is correct? |
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Definition
| The 5' end has a phosphate group attached to the number 5 carbon of deoxyribose |
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Term
| Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which structure is not a component of a nucleotide? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or false? Guanine and uracil are examples of nitrogenous bases. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which linkage forms the backbone of a nucleic acid? |
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Definition
| A sugar-phosphate linkage |
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Term
| What is the complementary DNA sequence to 5’ ATGCATGTCA 3’? |
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Definition
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Term
| Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large and complex lipids. Which cellular organelle must be involved in this condition? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which cell junctions form a barrier to the passage of materials? |
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Definition
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Term
| The primary role of _____ is to bind animal cells together. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ aid in the coordination of the activities of adjacent animal cells. |
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Definition
| Gap (communicating) junctions |
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Term
| Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following structures in animal cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following statements best summarizes the differences between DNA and RNA? |
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Definition
| DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar than RNA nucleotides. |
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Term
| If a strand of DNA has the nitrogen base sequence 5'-ATTTGC-3', what will be the sequence of the matching strand? |
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Definition
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Term
| If a DNA double helix is 100 nucleotide pairs long and contains 25 adenine bases, how many guanine bases does it contain? |
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Definition
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Term
| The two strands of a DNA double helix are held together by _____ that form between pairs of nitrogenous bases. |
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Definition
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Term
| A nucleotide is composed of a(n) _____. |
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Definition
| phosphate group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a five-carbon sugar |
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Term
| All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except |
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Definition
| an endoplasmic reticulum. |
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Term
| Normal hemoglobin is a tetramer, consisting of two molecules of β hemoglobin and two molecules of α hemoglobin. In sickle-cell disease, as a result of a single amino acid change, the mutant hemoglobin tetramers associate with each other and assemble into large fibers. Based on this information alone, we can conclude that sickle-cell hemoglobin exhibits |
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Definition
| altered primary structure and altered quaternary structure; the secondary and tertiary structures may or may not be altered. |
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Term
| Which of the following contain the 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules, consisting of nine doublets of microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules? |
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Definition
| both flagella and motile cilia |
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Term
| One of the primary functions of RNA molecules is to |
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Definition
| function in the synthesis of proteins. |
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Term
| Which type of interaction stabilizes the α helix and the β pleated sheet structures of proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| The tertiary structure of a protein is the |
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Definition
| unique three-dimensional shape of the fully folded polypeptide. |
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Term
| Proteins are polymers of _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of bond joins the monomers in a protein's primary structure? |
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Definition
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Term
| The secondary structure of a protein results from _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Tertiary structure is NOT directly dependent on _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from |
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Definition
| nearly any eukaryotic organism. |
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Term
| Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through |
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Definition
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Term
| In a liver cell detoxifying alcohol and some other poisons, the enzymes of the peroxisome remove hydrogen from these molecules and |
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Definition
| transfer the hydrogen to oxygen molecules to generate hydrogen peroxide. |
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Term
| Celery stalks that are immersed in fresh water for several hours become stiff and hard. Similar stalks left in a 0.15 M salt solution become limp and soft. From this we can deduce that |
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Definition
| the fresh water is hypotonic and the salt solution is hypertonic to the cells of the celery stalks. |
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Term
| Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which organelle or structure is absent in plant cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the voltage across a membrane called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Defensive proteins are manufactured by the _____ system. |
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Definition
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Term
| Upon chemical analysis, a particular polypeptide was found to contain 100 amino acids. How many peptide bonds are present in this protein? |
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Definition
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Term
| Mammalian blood contains the equivalent of 0.15 M NaCl. Seawater contains the equivalent of 0.45 M NaCl. What will happen if red blood cells are transferred to seawater? |
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Definition
| Water will leave the cells, causing them to shrivel and collapse |
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Term
| What type of covalent bond between amino acid side chains (R groups) functions in maintaining a polypeptide's specific three-dimensional shape? |
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Definition
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Term
| What maintains the secondary structure of a protein? |
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Definition
| hydrogen bonds between the amino group of one peptide bond and the carboxyl group of another peptide bond |
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Term
| At which level of protein structure are interactions between the side chains (R groups) most important? |
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Definition
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Term
| Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains? |
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Definition
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Term
| The movement of potassium into an animal cell requires |
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Definition
| an energy source such as ATP |
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Term
| Why are lipids and proteins free to move laterally in membranes? |
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Definition
| There are only weak hydrophobic interactions in the interior of the membrane |
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Term
| Which of these are not embedded in the hydrophobic portion of the lipid bilayer at all? |
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Definition
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Term
| The amino acids of the protein keratin are arranged predominantly in an α helix. This secondary structure is stabilized by |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following types of molecules are the major structural components of the cell membrane? |
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Definition
| phospholipids and proteins |
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