Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Primary consumers
Secondary
Tertiary |
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Definition
Herbivores (eat the producers)
Eats herbivores (carnivores)
Eats carnivores (top carnivore)
Interchanging can occur* |
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Term
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Definition
| Organisms that lives on the exterior f another organism and obtain food from it. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organisms that live on the exterior of another organism and obtain food from it |
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Term
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Definition
| Adult females of some wasps and flies that are parasites, but slowly kill their hosts |
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Term
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Definition
| Where a parasite obtains some nutrients and water from a plant but can produce it's own via photosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Form of parasitism where plants depend completely on their hosts for food and nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
Where one organisms (parasite) lives on another (host)
and feeds on it to survive, typically without killing the hose |
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Term
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Definition
| Association between 2 species in a community in which one benefits and the other neither gains or is harmed |
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Term
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Definition
| An association between 2 different species in a community in which both gain benefits |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to a population moves to a new habitat at a predictable time |
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Term
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Definition
| Non-living factors in an environment |
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Term
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Definition
| 'Way of life' of an animal |
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Term
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Definition
| Situation where two or more species occupy the same niches, leading to competition. |
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Term
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Definition
| Situation in which 2 species in a community use different resources so there is no degree of niche overlap |
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Term
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Definition
| Organisms that, given a sources of radiant energy, can produce their own food from simple inorganic substance. Produce to chemical energy as organic matter. |
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Term
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Definition
Organisms that ingest or absorb food in the form of organic material from their environment.
Obtain energy by eating other organisms or part of them |
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Term
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Definition
| Organisms that eat particles of organic dead matter - detritus |
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Term
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Definition
| Act as consumers but feed on dead organic material. They break down this material into simple forms and nutrients (like chemical) which they feed on and which the recycle into the environment for producers to feed on. |
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Term
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Definition
| Members of one species living in a specific habitat at a particular time |
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Term
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Definition
| A biological unit consisting of a community of living organisms, physical non-living surroundings and the interactions between them. |
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Term
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Definition
| Small region within a habitat that may have environmental conditions that differ from those in the larger habitat. |
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Term
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Definition
| Extent of variation in an environmental factor within a particular species can survive. |
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Term
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Definition
| The extremes of the tolerance range |
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Term
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Definition
| Part of the tolerance range where a particular species cannot survive in a particular environment. |
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Term
| Zone of physiological stress |
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Definition
| Area of tolerance range where an animal can still survive in a particular environment but with difficulties. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any condition which approaches or exceeds the limites of tolerance for an organism. |
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Term
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Definition
| Living factors of an ecosystem |
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Term
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Definition
Fragments of organic material present in soil and water.
- Dead organic material. |
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Term
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Definition
| The surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal or plant lives. Made up of physical, chemical and biological conditions. |
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Term
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Definition
| The geographic area that encloses all the habitats where a species lives. |
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Term
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Definition
| All different species sharing the same habitat |
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Term
| Only two ecological groupings neccessary? |
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Definition
Producers and Decomposers:
Producer make organic matter and decomposers return it to the environment in the form of mineral nutrients. |
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Term
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Definition
| The subdivision of where or what a specific animal eats, a further categorisation after ecological groupings. |
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Term
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Definition
Consumers (Carni/omni/herba/detriti)
Producers
Decomposers |
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Term
| Interactions within ecosystems |
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Definition
Within living community:
Predator prey relationship
Symbiosis |
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Term
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Definition
A prolonged association between two organisms in which there is a benefit to at least one parnter. (living together)
Includes:
-Parasitism
-Mutualism
-Commensalism |
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Term
| Greater niche seperation = |
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Definition
Less competition
as a lesser degree of niche overlap |
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Term
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Definition
Intra - within the same species
Inter - between species |
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Term
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Definition
| Release of a chemical from one species to inhibit the growth of another. (eg. plant vs. herbavore) - called allelochemicals. |
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Term
| General rule for energy transfer |
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Definition
10% if energy of an organism is transferred when eat by a higher trophic level. 90% energy lost
eg) not all plants are entirely green so not all cells use photosynthesis so organism is not 100% energy (glucose)
- phytoplankton vs. gumtree |
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Term
| Example of energy transfer via food web |
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Definition
grass (100g energy) - grasshopper (10g energy) - mouse (1g energy) - eagle (0.1 g energy)
therefore the higher trophic level animal will have to eat more of a specific organism to get sufficient amounts of energy |
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Term
| Chemical energy can be stored as |
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Definition
organic matter
and radiant - chemical is done via photosynthesis |
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Term
| Producers on land / water |
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Definition
plants
or algae or phytoplankton |
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Term
| What happens to the 90% of energy that is lost before energy transfer up trophic levels? |
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Definition
- Lost via cellular respiration (as heat energy) to keep us alive
- Used to make new body tissues
- Excreted in our waste |
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Term
| What happens to the 90% of energy that is lost before energy transfer up trophic levels? |
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Definition
- Lost via cellular respiration (as heat energy) to keep us alive and gives us energy to survive (MAJORITY)
- Used to make new body tissues (MINORITY!)
- Excreted in our waste |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of converting chemical energy of food into a form usable by cells, typically ATP (for energy) |
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Term
| Can energy be recycled in an ecosystem |
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Definition
| NO, organic matter matter can be energy cannot. |
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Term
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Definition
| shows the number of organisms at each trophic level per unit area of an ecosystem. |
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Term
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Definition
| records the total dry organic matter of organisms (biomass) at each trophic level in a given area of an ecosystem |
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Term
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Definition
| A pyramid of energy shows the amount of energy input to each trophic level in a given area of an ecosystem over an extended period |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical energy produced in the form of organic matter over a given period of time |
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Term
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Definition
| What after 'r' - when organic matter is used by producers |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Chemosynthetic bacteria will use chemical energy (C02 and hydrogen sulfide) to produce glucose. This is done is hydrothermal vents where light is a limiting factor. |
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Term
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Definition
Progressive accumulation where substances that cannot be excreted or broken down travel up the trphic system affecting higher trophic animals. As they have to consume more of the substance for energy purposes.
Bioaccumulation involves the accumulation of non-degradable
substances in organisms at higher trophic levels. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cycles within an ecosystem like nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon. It is sometimes in living or non living components. |
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