Term
| what characteristics define fungi? |
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Definition
1)Fungi are heterotropsh
2)Fungi cell walls are composed primarly from modified carbohydrate CHITIN(touch felxible molecule, exoskeleton to some animals)
3)the storage carbohydrate is glycogen like animals
4)do not photosynthsize
5)in most fungi, ZYGOTE IS THE ONLY DIPLOID CELL. some fungi remain haploid throughout most of the life cycle. In other fungi, two individuals fuse together to make a dikaryotic stage in which cells retains two separate nuclei, which are unique to fungi.
6)use exoenzymes secreted by it to break down organic matters, then "eats" by absorbing it |
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Term
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Definition
| Filaments that make up the bulk of multicellular fungus. May enormous number of hyphae that branch rapidly within a food source, growin and absorbing nutrients at the tip. |
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Definition
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Definition
| microscopic reproductive cells. spores germinate and give rise to new feeding hyphae. In mold on food, spores make asexual spores called conidia |
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Definition
| A specialized sexual spore-producing organ such as mushroom, puffball, or truffle |
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Definition
| unicellular fungi. A single-celled fungus that preproduces by budding |
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Term
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Definition
1)Chytridiomycetes (simplest fungi, produce sexual and asexual spores that have flagella)
2)Zygomycetes(produce thick-walled sexual zygospores)
3)Ascomycetes(produce sexual spores in characteristic sacs)
4)Basidiomyctes(release sexual spores from club-shaped structurs) |
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Term
| what two phylas of fungi are sister? |
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Definition
| Ascomycetes and Basidiomyctes |
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Term
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Definition
| eat dead species majority of fungi |
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Term
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Definition
| live on a living host and dead |
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Term
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Definition
*lower hyphae w/o speta=no cross walls=COENOCOTIC(MULTINUCLATE), w/o fruit zygota(bread)
*higher w/ speta=cross walls, w/fruit(asycomota and basidimyctes)have cup and "fruiting structer") |
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Term
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Definition
| reproduce asexually from lightweight spores and reproduce sexually when haploid hyphae of different types merge together by conjagational tube(ONLY TIME DIPLOID)making a zygospore then produces spore sac and make hyphae. shrooms. LOWER FUNGI, BREAD MOLDS |
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Term
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Definition
| Sac fungi, some recycle leaves and wood in soil, other form partnerships with photosynthetic organisms and a few carnivores. Can cause ring worm and athletes foot. Pencillum(antibotic) was found in this. Produce a lot of asexual spores, ASCOMYCOMTA |
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Term
| ascomycetes reproduction? |
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Definition
| Reproduce asexually by producing conidia, and sexually by producing acosopres inside a saclike ascus. MERGE UNDERGROUND |
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Definition
| PuffbalLs, stinkhorns,bird's nest fungi. Can be asexual but sexual reproduction most prominent. Basdia lines the gills with dikaryotic cells. Which fuse the dikarytoic cells making a diploid zygote then through meisosi make 4 haploid cells called badiospores. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is a duel organism that forms when a fungus, either an ascomycete or a basdiomychete, harbors green algae or cyanobacteria. Using it for support and food from photosynthetic partner. Fungus gives the green algae or cyanobacteria essetnital minerals by enozenzymes. Help with nitrogen fixation. Absorb toxins but cannot excete them. look like mosses |
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Definition
| are associations between funga; hypahe and plant roots. live on roots; helped with the evolution of plants |
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Term
| alternation of generation? |
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Definition
| a multicellular diploid stage alternates with a multicellular haploid stage. |
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Term
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Definition
| diploid generation develops from zygote that forms whena gametes come together at fertilization. At maturity, some cells in the sporophyte undergo meiosis and produce haploid spores. |
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Definition
| which divide mitotically to form gametophyte |
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Term
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Definition
| produce gametes by mitotic cell division |
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Term
| What is present in testeral plants then algae? |
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Definition
1)Leaves capture solar energy
2)Root system that anchor plants and absorb water
3)Cuticle, which is waxy coat that minimizes water loss from aerial parts of a plant
4)Stomata, specialized spores in the leave and steams(vascular). When open, stomata enable the plant to exchange gases(especially CO2 and O2) with the atmosphere. In dry weather, plants reduce water loss by closing the pores.
4)Ligin, strengthens support walls. Ligin enables plants to grow tall and upwright to form branches, an important adaption in the intense competition for sunlight.(wood)
6)Vascular tissue that transports water and nutrients throughout the bodies of most plants.(Xylem-conducts water and dissolved minerals from the root up to leaves, and Phloem-transports sugars produced from photosynthesis to the nongreen parts of the plant, like the roots)VEINS |
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Term
| Main groups of land plants? |
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Definition
| Bryophytes, seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms |
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Term
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Definition
| seedless, nonvascular(no veins), small compact. Water and nutrients move through the plant by diffusion or osmosis. Ligens hardens the plant, but does not provide support to allow it become large. No leave or roots, just a thylas. Rhizoids are hairlike extension that cover bryophyte lower surface to anchor and absorb water and minerals. types (mosses-closely related to vascular, liverworts(hepto), hornworts. produce antheridum(sperm) and achrodium(eggs) |
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Term
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Definition
Asexually and sexually. Sexually-sporophyte=spores=
gametophye(male or antheradium haploid(sperm at top) and female or archagonia haploid(eggs at the bottom) separated=
gametes= archognia splashes which lets flagella sperm go to the egg by a chemical signals down chemical gradient=
zygote=diploid protected by gametophyte tissue=
young sporophyte is produced! |
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Term
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Definition
| Seedless vascular have xylem and phloem but do not produce seeds! Kinds are true ferns(fronds), club mosses(lycopods), horsetaisl(coils), and whisk ferns(have rhizomes not roots). |
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Term
| Seedless vascular reproduction? |
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Definition
| Sexually, mature sporophyte(main apperance) produce haploid spores by meosis in collection of sporoangia on the underside of each frond. Once shed, spores germinate and develop into gametophyte that produce gametes by mitotic cell division. the flagelleta sperm need water to to reach egg cell. which fuses gametes to make a zygote(diploid) and which dicides mitocally and forms sporophyte |
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Term
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Definition
| Naked seed plants, CHRISTMAS TREE. Have pollen grains that produce sperm cells, seed that allow plant embryo to have nutrients inside outer coat, both of these allow gymnosperms to live in dry climates. Confier(christmas trees, need like), Cycads(tropical and suntropic areas, looks like big ferns but have cones), Ginkgo(fan shapped leaves, remained unchanged for 80 million years. has fleshy seeds, living fossil)NAKED SEED, TWO DIFFERENT CONES(SEED CONE AND POLLON CONE) |
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Term
| Two vascular plants produce seeds and pollen? |
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Definition
| gymnosperms and angiosperms(peach pit, covering not naked) |
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Term
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Definition
Produce pollen and seed in the cone. Large female cones bear two sporangia called ovules, on upper surface of each scale. Through meiosis, each ovule produces FOUR haploid structers called MEGASPORE(female gametophyte, has the eggs). MICRSPORES(male gametophyte, has sperm or pollen grains). POLLENTUBE in female gametophyte allows two hapolid sperm cells, (one disintengrates) in a haploid egg.
Making zygote first cell sporophyte generation. |
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Term
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Definition
| are flowering plants, seed plants, make fruit that contain the seed. Monoco,(lilies, bananas) Dicoto(beans, sunflower) |
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Term
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Definition
| like gymnosperms but inside the plant, and rely on a pollinator(bees, wind, etc.) for dispersal. |
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Term
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Definition
| in which a genetic change in one species selects for subsequent change in another. |
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Definition
| live by water, sunlight can pennerturate, not much change in temp. in water, less gases in water, contains more oxygen and hydrogen more work, metabolism faster on land more evolution |
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Term
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Definition
| drying out of a living organism, such as when aquatic animals are taken out of water, or when plants are exposed to sunlight or drought. Ecologists frequently study and assess various organisms' susceptibility to desiccation. |
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Term
| Plants start at where mesosis or mitosis? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Saptrophic(lives on dead), Parasites(live on living), Facultative(live on living or when dead) |
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Term
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Definition
| go through budding, asexual, unequal division and will eventually stablize |
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Definition
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Definition
| Crutose, Foliose, Fructiose |
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Term
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Definition
| fungi roots grow on plant roots. MUTALISTIC RELATIONSHIP |
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Term
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Definition
| ancestrol alga-green algae=chlorophyta,charophycea |
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Term
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Definition
| XELOM(SUPPORT TISSUE, COME GROUND, WATER) AND PHYOM(PHOTOSYTHESIS TO ROOTS) |
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Term
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Definition
| it's in bryophyta like mosses,liver warts have the gemi, CUPS surface in asexual different from mosses |
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Term
| vascular plants and phylum psilophyta? |
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Definition
| no leaves or roots, vascualr is in steam |
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Term
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Definition
| has cones(strobilus has sporangium all the same size, homosporius) |
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Term
| selaginelle in phlym lycophyta? |
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Definition
| heterospores(different size megaspores and microspores) |
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Term
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Definition
| cilkondioxide in secondary walls; harder to chew it; fluted steam like plants |
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Term
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Definition
| FERNS(pedelle-greensturcute, rasious(main stem), penne(leaves), spori(seed like NO SEEDS), rhizom(root like), antheridum is on the edge, archagoen on the inside |
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Term
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Definition
| nonvascular, ferns asexual by rhizoid, m |
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Term
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Definition
| NEED SOME KIND OF WATER BUT EXTREME PLACES THAT GET SOME WATER, GROW TOGETHER IN ABUDANCE, DICIOUS |
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Term
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Definition
| LIKE FERN ONE MAIN CONE, DIFFERNT LEAVES LIKE CONIFERS, DICIOUS |
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Term
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Definition
| 1 KIND OF GINKO, LARGE SEEDS, DICOUSE(NEED TWO DIFFERNT GINKGOS)ONR GENDER |
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Term
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Definition
| FLOWERING PLANT, NEED FRUIT |
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Term
| ANGIOSPERM REPRODUCTIVE STRATGIES? |
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Definition
| PERMIAL(BULB),HERBASCIOUS(CAN SPREAD EASILY EVERY YEAR), BIANNUALS(EVERY TWO YEARS LIVE AND DIE) ANNUAL(LIVE AND DIE) |
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Term
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Definition
| XERIC(DRY), MESIC(ALL SEASONS),HYDRIC |
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Term
| ALITITUDE AND LATITUDE FLOWERING? |
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Definition
| CAN BE SPREAD EASILY TO ALL AREAS IN MOUNTAINS AND PLACES |
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Term
| in flowering plants symboises? |
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Definition
epiphytes-live on others and steal support)
hemiparasites-(steal water and mineral
nutrients xhelom)
parasites-steal everything
mutalism(both bennefit) |
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Term
| solitary vs. inflorscene? |
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Definition
solitary-single
inflorence-group |
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Term
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Definition
just in the flower perfect-have all types of flower
imperfect-dicious, need two differnt plants |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| animal sticks with flower |
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Term
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Definition
| 1 goes to the ovules, the other goes to the endosperm tissue to give it food |
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Term
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Definition
| monocot-corn(parallel), dicot-(branches) |
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Term
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Definition
| overywall, exocarp outside, meso-middle, endocarp(inside) |
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Term
| indheistnce vs. dehistcent? |
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Definition
in-doesn't burst
de-burst, when mature it splits and released |
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Term
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Definition
| IS MULTIPLE PISTOLSwith receptacle-strawberry; without-raspberry |
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Term
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Definition
| MULTIPLE-FLOWERS TO MAKE ONE FRUIT |
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