Term
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Definition
| proved DNA is hereditary material |
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Term
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Definition
Substance of inheritance
Genetic material
located on chromosome
A:T C:G |
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Term
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Definition
| compared number and ratio of nitrogenous bases |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Proved DNA was double helix
nobel prize winners
A-T: 2 hydrogen bonds
C-G: 3 hydrogen bonds
Purine + Pyrimidine = just right |
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Term
| Theories of DNA Replication: Conservative |
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Definition
| parent molecule intact, new molecule of new nucleotides; not right |
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Term
| Theories of DNA Replication: Semiconservative |
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Definition
| template model, 1 old 1 new; Right |
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Term
| Theories of DNA Replication:Dispersive |
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Definition
| old and new DNA molecule mixed on all strands |
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Term
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Definition
| to get from DNA to protein |
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Term
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Definition
in the nucleas
DNA -> mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
in the cytoplasm, ribosomes
mRNA -> Protein |
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Term
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Definition
| triplet of nucleotides that code for a specific amino acid Start condon: AVG Stop condon: UAA, UAG, UGA Condon code is redundant not ambiguous |
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Term
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Definition
| several things code for 1 amino acid |
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Term
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Definition
| No each triplet codes for only one amino acid |
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Term
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Definition
| no affect (GUG ~ GUA: makes same amino acid) |
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Term
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Definition
| GU~ GCG causes a change in amino acid |
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Term
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Definition
| stops whole process of translation turns into a stop codon (Nucleaisis corrects accidental change in existing DNA) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Step one: Starts in promoter region [Tata box]
Step two: unwinds one strand becomes the template [Initiation]
Step 3: Strand starts to [elongate]
Step 4: [Termination] making new mRNA strand |
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Term
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Definition
Eukaryotes: adds 5' cap and a poly A tail b/c cytoplasm is dangerous
Prokaryotes: goes straight into translation (it can do translation and transcription at the same time) |
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Term
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Definition
| where mRNA becomes protein |
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Term
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Definition
1)E: T-RNA [exits]
2)P: [Polypeptide] chain grows
3)A: transfer RNA, TRNA [Arrives]
Step 1: Initiation- unwind, one strand becomes template
Step 2: Elongation: Codon Recognition |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| keeps it from rewinding/overwinding before replication fork |
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Term
| Enzymes: Single Strand Banding Protein |
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Definition
| tacks it up, stabalizing unwound DNA |
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Term
| Enzymes: DNA Polymerase 3 |
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Definition
| adds nucleotides to new strand (light blue) |
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Term
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Definition
| glues all together, fills the gaps, link okazaki fragments and DNA that replicate |
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Term
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Definition
| removes the RNA chunks from RNA primer and replaces with DNA |
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Term
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Definition
1) DNA Helicase
2) Topoisomerase
3) Single Strand Binding Protein
4) Primase/ RNA Primer
5) DNA polymerase 3
6) DNA Ligase
7) DNA Polymerase I |
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Term
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Definition
-occurs in interphase (mitosis and meiosis)
-2 DNA strands are antiparallel to each other
-adding nucleotides to the 3' end
[5' => 3']
-Eukaryote: 1 fork per bubble |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Virus structure: Capsomere |
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Definition
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Term
| Virus Structure: Viral Envelope |
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Definition
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Term
| Ways virus can spread:Lytic cycle |
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Definition
feel symptons of being sick
Virus replicates in cell and lysies (bursts)
Host cell dies
virulent virus: only goes through lytic cycle |
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Term
| Ways a virus will spread: Lysogenic |
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Definition
Do not feel symptons
Host cell lives
Temperate virvs: goes throug lytic and lysogenic cycle |
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Term
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Definition
Provirus: viral insertaion (ex: herpes)
Retrvirus: goes from RNA-> DNA (quick mutation)
Ex: HIV leading cause of death
-Zambia highest infect rate |
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Term
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Definition
only infect plants
Spread
Horizontal: insects gardening tools
Vertical: from parent |
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Term
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Definition
misfolded protein
-replicate by contact
Ex: mad cow disease (10 year incubation period) |
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Term
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Definition
proved the semiconservative model correct
-medium use: ecoli |
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Term
| Needed for Hardy-Weinburg |
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Definition
large population
no mutations
random mating
no migration
no natural selection |
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