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Definition
| Chemical extremeophile, lives in environments with pH below 2, 3, or 5 depending on species |
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Definition
| Chemical extremeophile, lives in environments with pH above 9 |
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Definition
| Chemical extremeophile, lives in environment with high concentration of salt |
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Definition
| Chemical extremophile, lives in environments with high concentration of sugar |
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Definition
| Chemical extremophile, lives in extremely dry environments |
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Definition
| Chemical extremophile, lives in radioactive environments |
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Definition
| Thermal extremeophile, lives in cold environments about 59F (permafrost, polar ice, snowpack) |
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Definition
| Thermal extremophile, lives in hot environments 140-170F |
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Definition
| Thermal extremophile, lives in really hot environments, 176-252F |
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Definition
| Rock extremophile, lives in microscopic spaces in rocks |
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Definition
| Rock extremophile, lives under rocks in cold deserts |
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| Rock extremophile, Breaks up bedrock into soil, lives in caves and hangs from the rock |
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Definition
| Live in environments with high atmospheric pressure (ocean floor) |
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Term
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Definition
| Can survive on few nutrients |
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Definition
| Extremophile, Can tolerate high concentrations of dissolved heavy metals |
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Definition
| Extremophile, can't tolerate oxygen, live in intestines |
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Definition
| Halophile, lives in the Dead Sea, has DNA repair mechanisms (can also stand up to vacuum and radiation) |
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Definition
| Can survive cold down to absolute zero, heat up to 300F, dehydration for up to 10 years, and the vacuum of space |
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Term
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Definition
| Reproduction, Adaptation, Cell organization, Homeostasis, Metabolism, Growth, Response to Stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbon-based, Liquid water in environment, Similar temp. to Earth, Evolution |
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Term
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Definition
| Focuses on finding life forms which are not carbon-based or water-based |
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Term
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Definition
| Seeds of life floated throughout universe and deposited life (caused by higher intelligence?) |
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Term
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Definition
| Beginning of life from non-life |
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Term
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Definition
| Put H2, NH3 and CH4 in a circular tube with water circulating to recreate Earth's atmosphere. After a week, biomolecules found |
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Term
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Definition
| Theory that uranium was present in higher concentrations and caused formation of biomolecules in tidal pools |
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Term
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Definition
| At deep sea vents, chemicals spewed out are used for raw materials and for energy |
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Term
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Definition
| Biomolecules found inside, dated 4.5 billion years old, means they were present in space when planets formed |
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Term
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Definition
| Measures number of OH ions in solution, more OH means more basic the solution (on a scale of 0-14), conversely related to pH scale |
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Term
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Definition
| measures the amount of H ions in a solution, more H ions means more acidic (on a scale of 0-14, conversely related to pOH scale |
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Term
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Definition
| carbon with 4 different atoms/groups bonded to it, forming a tetrahedron |
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Term
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Definition
| long chain of carbon with a double bond to oxygen and an O-H group at the end; always bonded to something else, usually glycerol |
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Term
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Definition
| A chemical reaction happens which produces water (water comes out of the reaction, happens when fatty acids bond to glycerol |
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Term
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Definition
| phosphate attached to a lipid, the phosphate end is polar and hydrophilic |
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Term
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Definition
| will dissolve in water, polar |
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Term
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Definition
| Will not dissolve in water, nonpolar |
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Term
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Definition
| A phospholipid bilayer wrapped into a sphere, is what a cell wall is made of (allows cell to hold water solubles and to pass them through the wall) |
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Term
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Definition
| A fat whose bonds are all occupied by H's, lay on top of each other neatly, solid at room temp, animal fats |
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Term
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Definition
| Have room for more bonds, won't fit together neatly, liquid at room temp, plant oils |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbon rings stuck together, fairly rigid, cholesterol (fatty acids) |
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Term
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Definition
| chains of carbons with double bonded O at the end and OH groups attached to the C's |
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Term
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Definition
| Chiral carbon with an amine group on one end and an acid on the other, string themselves together by peptide bonds (C-N) |
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Term
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Definition
| Hormones, insulin, muscle, colagen, hemoglobin, enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
| Ribose Nucleic Acid, made with ribose, a 5-carbon sugar |
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Term
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Definition
| Deoxyribonucleic acid, Deoxyribose has one less oxygen than ribose, made of backbone of sugar and phosphate with rungs made of nucleotides connected by hydrogen bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| Wrong nucleotide is inserted |
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Term
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Definition
| Extra nucleotide is inserted |
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Term
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Definition
| One nucleotide gets erased |
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Term
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Definition
| when a deletion happens in the middle or beginning of a codon |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Specific gene on an allele |
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Term
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Definition
| Different genes at a specific locus on each allele |
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Term
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Definition
| Same genes at a specific locus on each allele |
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Term
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Definition
| certain genes will override others |
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Term
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Definition
| Both alleles are equally expressed in heterozygote |
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Term
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Definition
| Alleles produce intemediate effect in heterozygotes (red and white alleles make pink) |
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Term
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Definition
| Change in gene frequency over time (not including behavior) |
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Term
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Definition
| Ability to produce fertile offspring |
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Term
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Definition
| Mutation, migration, natural selection, and genetic drift |
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Term
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Definition
| Some individuals reproduce more by chance, random |
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Term
| Principles of Natural Selection |
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Definition
| Variation in populations passed from parent to offspring, more young produced than survive to reproduce, based on selection (not random) |
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Term
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Definition
| Taking few individuals from one population and isolating them, form new population with little diversity |
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Term
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Definition
| group of organisms and all ancestors and descendents |
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Term
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Definition
| one population splits into two, there is a branch point and a clade is formed |
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Definition
| no branch, but change happens anyway |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Generation of new species and/or change above the species level |
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Definition
| long equilibrium until climate change, etc. and the species must change or DIE? |
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Term
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Definition
| little changes add up to different species |
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Term
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Definition
| Keeping multiple alleles in population, heterozygote advantage |
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Term
| Frequency-dependent selection |
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Definition
| choosing prey or mate due to common or rare traits |
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Term
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Definition
| What a predator looks for in prey (the way the prey that's good to eat looks) |
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Term
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Definition
| Multiple species evolve that look the same and are all poisonous, keeping the predator from eating any of them |
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Term
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Definition
| Different organisms with same appearance, but only one is poisonous/bad tasting |
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Term
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Definition
| Genes for a feature the same, diversity not dependent on genes but on how they are used, and on CREs |
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Term
| CRE (cis-regulatory element) |
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Definition
| determines when, where and how gene is produced |
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Term
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Definition
| Vampire squid, harmless and looks like it has a cape on |
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Term
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Definition
| Annelids, have bristles and are segmented |
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Term
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Definition
| polychaete, lives in temperatures of up to 750F in thermal vents, has symbiotic relationship with sulfur bacteria (energy source) |
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Term
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Definition
| Subgroup of polychaetes, live on thermal vents, fastest invertebrate growth rate, no digestive system (energy from bacteria inside), red appearance from hemoglobin (has rudimentary circulatory system) |
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Term
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Definition
| have proboscis which is used to stun/entangle/stick to prey depending on the species |
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Term
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Definition
| have fists to stun prey, punches over over 50 mph |
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Definition
| fish with eyes inside its head |
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Definition
| eat algae, suck chloroplasts out of algae then install them in their skin |
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Term
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Definition
| Shell is collection of waste, minerals, etc. which they glue together, inside shell is single-celled organism |
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