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Bio Terminology
includes terms for the body as well as biological vocabulary
86
Biology
Undergraduate 2
09/11/2013

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Cards

Term



What Are the Mechanisms for maintaining Homeostasis?

Definition

 

Negative and Postive feedback

Term



What is Negative feedback?

Definition

 

 

 

The output of the system that resloves or corrects the orginal stimulus, and helps maintain homostasis

ex: the regulation of hormone synthesis, blood glucose levels, body temperature

Term
What is Postive Feedback?
Definition

 

 

Brings about an increasing change in the same diection as the orginal stimulus.

ex. secretion of oxytocin during birth to continually increase uterine contractions

Term
Superior
Definition
above, or towards the head end of the upper part of a structure or the body. EX: The head is superior to the abdomen
Term
Inferior(caudal)
Definition

Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body, below. EX: the navel is inferior to the chin

Term
Anterior (Venteral)
Definition
Toward or at the front of the body, in front of EX: the breastbone is anterior to the spine.
Term
posterior (dorsal)
Definition
Toward or at the back of the body; behind. EX: the heart is posterior to the breastbone
Term
Medial
Definition
Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of. EX: The heart is medial to the arm
Term
Lateral 
Definition
Away from the midline of the body, on the outside of. EX: the arms are lateral to the chest
Term
Proximal
Definition
Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk. EX: the elbow is proximal to the wrist
Term
Distal
Definition
Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk. EX: the knee is distal to the thigh
Term
Superficial(external)
Definition
Toward or at the bodies surfaceEX: the skin is superfical to the skeletal muscles
Term
Deep (Internal)
Definition

Away from the body surface; more internal EX: the lungs are deep to the skin

Term
Body Planes
Definition
the body can be discussed in terms of planes or “cuts”
Term

What are the two main body cavities located in the axial skeleton?

 


Definition
Dorsal and Venteral
Term
What two cavities make up the Dorsal Cavity?
Definition

Cranial cavity

 

Verterbal Cavity

Term
What Does the Crainal Cavity protect?
Definition
The brain
Term
What are the physical characteristics of the Dorsal Cavities?
Definition
protected by its hard, bony walls includes
Term
What Does the Verterbal Cavity contain?
Definition
The Spinal Cord
Term
The Venteral Body Cavity is divided into how many cavities?
Definition
Two
Term
What three Cavities make up the Venteral Body Cavity?
Definition
The Thoracic, the Abdomino-pelvic, and the Pelvic cavities
Term
What three cavities make up the
Definition
Term
What organs are conatined in the Thoaric Cavity?
Definition
  • Heart
  • Lungs
  • Esophagus
Term
What Organs are contained in the Abdomino-pelvic cavities?
Definition
  1. Stomach
  2. liver
  3. spleen
  4. pancreas
  5. gallbladder
  6. intestines
Term
What Organs are contained in the Pelvic Cavity?
Definition

The Reproductive organs

Term
What Are the Two Membranes that line the body cavities?
Definition
  • Mucous membranes 
  • Serous membranes 
Term
What and Where are Mucus Membranes?
Definition

Mucus Membranes are the linings organs covered in epithelium, which are involved in absorption and secretion. They line cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organs. They meet at several places with skin: such as:

  • at the nostrils
  •  the lips of the mouth  
  • the eyelids 
  • the ears 
  •  the genital area  
  • and the anus The sticky, 

thick fluid secreted by the mucous membranes and glands is termed mucus. 

lines organs in the

  • digestive
  • respiratory
  • urinary
  • reproductive systems
 
Term
What and where are the Serous membranes? 
Definition

The Serous Membranes line the walls of the ventral body cavity and the outer surfaces of organs.

It is a thin double-layered membrane.

Which lines the lungs, heart, and abdominal cavity also covers the internal organs; named after their location.

 

Term
What are the three types of Serous membranes? 
Definition
  1. Pleura
  2. Peritoneum
  3. Pericardium
 
Term
What and where are the two types of Peritoneum Serous Membranes?
Definition

Parietal peritoneum - lining of the wall of the abdominopelvic cavity

Visceral peritoneum - covers organs

Term
What and where are the two kinds of Pericardium Serous membranes?
Definition

Parietal pericardium  - lines the pericardial cavity

 

Visceral pericardium - lines the heart within the cavity

Term

What and Where are the two Pleura Serous Membranes?

 
Definition

Parietal pleura - lines the walls of the thoracic cavity

 

Visceral pleura - covers lungs

Term
What is the name of the membranes that covers the dorsal cavities?
Definition

Meninges

 

Term
What does the meninges cover?
Definition
The Brain and the spinal cord
Term
What are the three layes of the Meninges?
Definition
  • Dura mater
  • Arachnoid mater
  • Pia mater

 

Term
Axial
Definition

head, neck, and trunk

 
Term
Appendicular
Definition

appendages or limbs

 
Term
Nasal
Definition
nose
Term
Oral
Definition
Mouth
Term
Cervical 
Definition
Neck
Term
Acromial
Definition
Point of shoulder
Term
Axillary
Definition
Armpit
Term

Abdominal

 
Definition
Abdomen
Term

Brachial

Definition
arm
Term
Antecubital
Definition
Front of elbow
Term

Antebrachial

 
Definition
forearm
Term
Pelvic
Definition
pelvis
Term
Carpal
Definition
wrist
Term
Pollex
Definition
thumb
Term
Palmar
Definition
palm
Term
Digital
Definition
fingers
Term
Pubic
Definition
gential region
Term
Patellar
Definition
Anterior Knee
Term
Crural
Definition
leg
Term
Pedal
Definition
foot
Term
Tarsal
Definition
ankle
Term
Pedal Digtals
Definition
toes
Term
Frontal
Definition
forehead
Term
Orbital
Definition
eye
Term
Buccal
Definition
cheek
Term
Mental
Definition
chin
Term
Sternal
Definition
breastbone
Term
Thoracic
Definition
chest
Term
Mammary
Definition
Breast
Term
Umbilical
Definition
navel
Term
Coxal
Definition
hip
Term
Inguinal
Definition
groin
Term
Femoral
Definition
Thigh
Term
Fibular or Peroneal
Definition
Side of leg
Term

 Hallux

Definition
Great toe
Term
Manus
Definition
Posterior view hand
Term

Otic

Definition
posterior view ear
Term
Occipital
Definition
back of the head or base of skull
Term
Vertebral
Definition
Spinal Column
Term

Scapular 

 
Definition
shoulder blade
Term
Dorsum or Dorsal
Definition
back
Term
Olecranal
Definition
back of elbow
Term
Lumbar
Definition
loin
Term
Sacral
Definition
between hips
Term
Gluteal
Definition
butt
Term
Perineal
Definition
the taint
Term

Femoral

Definition
thigh
Term
poplilteal
Definition
Back of the knee
Term
Sural
Definition
calf
Term
Calcaneal
Definition
Heel
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