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Bio Review Test 2
Biology 1408
14
Biology
Undergraduate 1
09/24/2013

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Term
PLASMA MEMBRANE a fluid phospholipid bilayer WHICH MEANS
Definition
•polar head of phospholipid is hydrophilic
• nonpolar tails are hydrophobic (tails face inward)
Term
plasma membrane is selectively permeable which means
Definition
only certain substance can pass through
Term
What does cholestorl do?
Definition
steroid molecules that lend support to membrane; prevent phospholipids from binding
Term
What are glycolipids?
Definition
lipids w/carb attached; serve as markers
Like a flag
If the white blood cells see something that doesn’t have the right flags, it will attack.
Term
Glycoproteins
Definition
protein w/carb attached; markers
Term
Channel proteins
Definition
allow molecules to move across membrane
Term
Carrier proteins
Definition
combine with a molecule to help it move across the membrane
Term
Receptor proteins
Definition
have binding site for specific molecule
Term
Enzymatic proteins
Definition
carry out metabolic reactions
Term
Junction proteins
Definition
form various types of junctions between cells problems w/membrane proteins
Term
What are two examples of diseases caused by malfunctioning proteins?
Definition
Type 2 diabetes
Cystic fibrosis
Term
Type 2 diabetes
Definition
Type 2 Diabetes:
– Insulin binds to receptor protein, but # of carrier proteins sent to the membrane is not enough
– Results in too much glucose in the blood: hyperglycemia
– Excess glucose expelled in urine
• Color blindness:
– Usually 3 types of photo pigment proteins in plasma membrane w/in photoreceptor cells: red, green, blue
– Some people lack functional red or green photo pigment
Term
Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
Definition
– Usually, chloride ions easily pass out of cell through plasma membrane channel protein
– When they don’t/can’t: thick mucus appears in lungs, damaging lungs
– Usually die young
Term
Simple diffusion
Definition
molecules move from area of greater conc. To area to lower conc. Until equilibrium.

Molecules move from packed areas to more comfortable areas where they have more room to move.
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