Term
| What is true about anabolic processes. |
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Definition
| nonspontaneous, endergonic, energy input required to start the process, Delta G always positive, photosynthesis.... anabolism!! |
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Term
| Whenever there is a energy transformation there is an increase in__________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Food molecule made up of energy rich macromolecule is an example of ____________ energy. |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is ATP an important molecule in metabolism? |
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Definition
| it provides energy coupling between exergonic and endergonic reactions |
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Term
| The structure of ATP resembles a __________ molecule. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the product of ATP hydrolysis? |
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Definition
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Term
| How can one increase the rate of chemical reaction? |
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Definition
| by adding enzymes or a catylst |
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Term
| Hydrolysis of sucrase by enzyme sucrose results in_______________. |
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Definition
| breaking of old bonds of clucose and fructose and formation of new bonds from atoms of water. |
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Term
| What is induced fit hypothesis? |
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Definition
| It is the idea that the enzyme molecule changes shape when it encounters the substrate, so that it can bind the substrate more effectively - it "fits" around the substrate molecule. |
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Term
| In cellular respiration, Glucose + Oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + ________. This is an example of _________reaction. In this reaction change in free energy will be ________. Photosynthesis is an example of __________ reaction, where change in free energy is_________. |
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Definition
| In cellular respiration, Glucose + Oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + ENERGY. This is an example of EXERGONIC, SPONTANEOUS, CATOBOLIC reaction. In this reaction change in free energy will be NEGITIVE. Photosynthesis is an example of NONSPONTANOUS, ENDERGONIC, ANABOLIC reaction, where change in free energy is POSITIVE. |
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Term
This question is based on the reaction A + B → C + D shown in the Figure.
[image]
What is c and what is b in this figure?
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Definition
Figure B is activation energy with enzymes
Figure C is activation energy without enzymes |
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Term
| Describe 1st and 2nd law of thermodynamics? |
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Definition
First Law of Thermodynamics: Energy can be changed from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that "in all energy exchanges, if no energy enters or leaves the system, the potential energy of the state will always be less than that of the initial state." This is also commonly referred to as entropy. |
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Term
| Why does the oxidation of organic compounds by molecular oxygen to produce CO2 and water release free energy? |
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Definition
| carbon to oxygen.... carbon has low enfinity for electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| CO-Enzyme, Reduced to NADH in different stages of cellular respiration reduced in presents of enzyme dehydrogenous capture electron from glucose which is required for glycolsis |
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Term
| Which molecules donate electrons for use in oxidative phosphorylation? |
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Definition
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Term
| The ATP made during glycolysis and citric acid cycle is generated by ______________phosphorylation. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are end products of glycolysis? |
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Definition
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Term
| In glycolysis how many molecules of ATP are used and how many are produced and as a result of this how many net ATPs are generated? |
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Definition
| 2 ATP, 4 ATP produced (NET OF 2) |
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Term
| What kind of metabolic poison can stop the process of glycolysis? |
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Definition
| anything where the agent closely mimics the structure of glucose but not metobized. |
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Term
| What are the end products of pyruvic acid oxidation? |
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Definition
1. Acetyl CoA
2. CO2
3. NADH
4. Hydrogen |
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Term
| Where is pyruvic acid synthesized? Where is Acetyl CoA synthesized? |
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Definition
Pyrivic Acid is in the chytoplasm
Acetyl CoA is in the Mitocondria Matrix |
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Term
| Name the molecule that enters the citric acid cycle and is formed, in part, by the removal of a carbon (CO2) from one molecule of pyruvate? |
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Definition
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Term
| Maximum amount of ATP is synthesized in ____________ and maximum amount of NADH is synthesized in__________. |
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Definition
| Electron Trasport Chamber (etc) and Citric Acid Cycle |
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Term
| How many molecules of NADH+ FADH2 is synthesized for oxidizing one molecule of glucose? |
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Definition
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Term
| Define the terms catabolism. |
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Definition
| the metabolic breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, often resulting in a release of energy |
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Term
| Write down the downhill route of electrons in CR. |
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Definition
| glucose or food-NAD+-NADH+etc+picked up by oxygen |
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Term
| _______________________ is the direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + P to ATP. |
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Definition
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Term
| How is proton gradient generated in cellular respiration? |
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Definition
| when dydrogen pumped from mitocondria matrix into intermembrane space |
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Term
| It is possible to prepare vesicles from portions of the inner membrane of the mitochondrial components. Which process of cellular respiration could still be carried on by this isolated inner membrane? |
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Definition
| etc (electron transport chain) |
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Term
| Where does the Calvin cycle take place? |
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Definition
| in the stroma of the chlorplast |
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Term
| _______________ groups are always necessary in the ecosystem. |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the molecules of ETC found in a plant cell? |
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Definition
| Inner membrane of the mitochandria or Thylocoid membrane |
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Term
| Where is ATP synthase located in a plant cell? |
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Definition
| Inner membrane of the mitochandria or Thylocoid membrane |
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Term
| ______________ process results in the release of oxygen and ________ in the process of photosynthesis |
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Definition
| Water splitting, electrons |
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Term
| Some photosynthetic organisms contain chloroplasts that lack photosystem II, yet are able to survive. The best way to detect the lack of photosystem II in these organisms would be |
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Definition
| to test for liberation of O2 in the light. |
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Term
| Primary function of calvin cycle is _________. |
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Definition
synthesize simple sugars from carbon dioxide.
It uses ATP and NADPH made in the light stage to fix CO2. |
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Term
| In photosynthesis glucose is required in which processes? |
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Definition
| does not require glucose in any process!! |
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Term
| Under aerobic conditions, NAD+ is recycled from NADH by transfer of electron to the__________. An anaerobic alternative is to transfer electrons from NADH to __________ and its derivative. In cellular respiration the final electron acceptor is __________. In fermentation the final electron acceptor is __________. |
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Definition
| etc, pyrivc acid, oxygen and pyrvic acid |
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Term
| In cellular respiration CO2 is produced during which processes ? |
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Definition
| pyrivic acid oxidation & citric acid |
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Term
| Glycolysis takes place in the___________. It can be divided into two phases:_________ __and ____________. At the end of glycolysis we get two __________ per glucose molecule. Glycolysis occurs whether or not ________ is present. At the end of glycolysis we get _____ number of ATP molecules. |
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Definition
| Glycolysis takes place in the CYTOPLASM. It can be divided into two phases: ENERGY INVESTMENT and ENERGY PAYOFF. At the end of glycolysis we get two ATP OR PYROVATE per glucose molecule. Glycolysis occurs whether or not OXYGEN is present. At the end of glycolysis we get 2 number of ATP molecules. |
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Term
| In fermentation the final electron acceptor is an organic molecule such as ___________(lactic acid fermentation) and ____________(alcohol fermentation). In aerobic respiration, by contrast, the final electron acceptor from NADH is _________. Final electron acceptor at the end of light reaction is _______. |
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Definition
| In fermentation the final electron acceptor is an organic molecule such as PYRIVIC ACID (lactic acid fermentation) and ACIDAL DEHYDE(alcohol fermentation). In aerobic respiration, by contrast, the final electron acceptor from NADH is OXYGEN. Final electron acceptor at the end of light reaction is NADP+. |
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Term
| Citric acid cycle takes place in__________. Acetyl CoA is produced at the end of _________, which takes place in___________. Oxidative phosphorylation takes place in ______________. |
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Definition
| Citric acid cycle takes place in MITOCHONDRIA MATRIX. Acetyl CoA is produced at the end of PURIVIC ACID OXIDATION, which takes place in MITOCHONDRIA MATRIX. Oxidative phosphorylation takes place in ETC (MITOCHANDRIA MATRIX). |
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Term
| Cellular Respiration Formula |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Equation For Photosynthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| Define the term anabolism. |
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Definition
| the phase of metabolism in which simple substances are synthesized into the complex materials of living tissue |
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Term
| Glycolysis takes place where and has a raw material of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pyruric acid oxidation takes place where and has a raw material of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Citric acid cycle take place where and has a raw material of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| ETC takes place where and has a raw material of what? |
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Definition
| Inner membrane of the mitochondria and NADH, FADH2, O2 |
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Term
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Definition
~Anaerobic process
~2ATP
~ATP produced through substrate level phosphorylation
~NAD+ recycled from NADH by pyruvate2 its derivative
~Final electron acceptor pyruvate
~no )2 or ETC present
~Takes place only in cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
~Aerobic process
~32ATP
~ATP produced through substrate level 2 oxidation phosphorylation
~NAD+ recycled from NAHD by ETC
~Final e- acceptor O2
~O2, ETC present
~Takes place in both cytoplasm and mitochondria |
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Term
| What is true about Catabolic processes. |
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Definition
| Spontaneous, exergonic, no energy input required to start the process, net release of energy, Delta G always negitive, cellular respiration... catabolism! |
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