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Definition
Stimulates the liver, liver catabolizes glycogen which releases glucose , increasing the blood glucose concentration. Made in pancreas by alpha cells
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Term
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Definition
| Clusters of endocrine glands inside the pancreas. Has one alpha cell and one beta cell. |
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Definition
| Extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals. |
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Definition
| Triggers the uptake of glucose from the blood into the body cell, decreasing the blood glucose concentration. Made in pancreas by beta cells. |
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Definition
| Part of islet of Langerhans, make insulin. |
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Definition
| Part of islet of Langerhans, makes glucagon. |
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Definition
| 1-2% of the mass of pancreas. Produces insulin and glucose. Ductless gland. |
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Definition
1) Catabolizes glycogen when stimulated by glucagon to release glucose.
2) Anabolizes glucose to create glycogen when stimulated by insulin. |
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Term
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Definition
| Endocrine portion secretes insulin and glucagon |
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Term
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Definition
| Positive feedback. When a contraction occurs, the hormone oxytocin causes a nerve stimulus, which stimulates the hypothalamus to produce more oxytocin, which increases uterine contractions. This causes contractions to increase in amplitude and frequency. |
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Term
| Maintenance of homeostasis (blood glucose concentration.) |
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Definition
0-110 mg/100 mL glucose avg. Over this, pancreas releases insulin, triggering uptake of glucose from the blood, into the body cell. Under, releases glucagon, promotes the release of glucose into the blood from energy stores (glycogen)
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical formed in specialized cells, travel in body fluids, act on specific target cells in other parts of the body, changing the target cells’ functioning. Hormones are for long distance signaling. |
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Definition
| In response to elevated body temperature (fever), the hypothalamic thermostat shuts down heat retention mechanisms (negative) and promotes cooling the body by vasodilation, sweating, or panting (positive). |
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Term
| Invertebrate Circulatory System |
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Definition
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Term
| Vertebrate Circulatory System |
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Definition
| Closed circulatory system |
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Term
| Mammal circulatory system. |
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Definition
| Four chambered heart with double circulation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Single circulation and a heart with two chambers |
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Term
| Amphibians Circulatory System |
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Definition
| Double circulation, three chambered heart. No Septum, only a ridge. When frog is under water, it can divert blood from lungs, to skin. |
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Term
| Reptile Circulatory System. |
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Definition
| Three chambered heart, has incomplete septum that partially divides the single ventricle into seperate right and left chambers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Three-chambered heart with complete septum. Pumonary and systemic circuits connect where the arteries exit the heart. This connection enables the arterial valves to shunt blood away from the lungs temporarily. |
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Term
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Definition
| Four-chambered heart with double circulation. Convergent evolution. |
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Term
| Respiration: Positive pressure |
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Definition
| Pushing air into the lungs |
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Term
| Respiration:Negative pressure |
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Definition
| Pulling air into the lungs |
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Term
| Respiration:elastic recoil |
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Definition
| Helps maintain blood pressure and clow to capillaries when the heart is relaxed between contractions. |
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Term
| Respiration: Stimuli for inspiration |
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Definition
| pH shift indicates CO2 in the cerebrospinal fluid. When pH lowers this stimulates more breathing. |
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Term
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Definition
| A lowering in the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen, caused by a drop in pH. It facilitates the release of oxygen from hemoglovin in vicinity of active tissues. |
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Term
| Respiration: Partial pressures |
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Definition
| The pressure exerted by a particular gas in a mixture of gases. |
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Term
| Respiration: Gas exchange |
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Definition
| The molecular trade between an animal and its surrounding environment involving the gain of O2 while losing CO2 and other waste products |
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Term
| Respiration: Countercurrent exchange |
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Definition
| The transfer of heat (or solutes) between fluids that are flowing in opposite directions. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How does mammalian respiration exhibit negative pressure in breathing. |
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Definition
| Pulling, rather than pushing, air into the lungs. |
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Term
| Fetal hemoglobin vs adult hemoglobin |
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Definition
| Fetal hemoglobin has a much higher affinity for oxygen than adult hemoglobin. |
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Term
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Definition
| A vassel that carries blood away from the heart to the organs. |
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Definition
| A vessel that carries blood towards the heart. |
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Definition
| Transports oxygen, second only to hemoglobin. Not bound to red blood cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| A protein, contained in the erythrocytes in vertebrates, that greatly increases the amount of O2 that can be carried in the circulatory fluid. |
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Term
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Definition
| Upper part of respiratory tract. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Pair of breathing tubes that pass from trachea into the lungs |
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Definition
| Fine branch of the bronchi that transports into the alveoli |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the dead-end air sacs where gas exchange occurs in the mammalian lung. |
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Term
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Definition
| Larynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Bronchioles → Alveoli |
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