Term
| what does penicillin do to bacteria? |
|
Definition
| interferes with its cellular synthesis |
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Term
|
Definition
| a piece of circular bacterial DNA seperate from the chromosomes of the bacteria - can convey resistence to antibiotics |
|
|
Term
| what is a competent cell? |
|
Definition
| a cell that has been treated with calcium chloride to make it better at accepting plasmid DNA |
|
|
Term
| what is a transformed cell? |
|
Definition
| a cell that has taken up plasmid DNA |
|
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Term
| how do you select for transformed (antibiotic resistant) cells? |
|
Definition
| growth on an antibiotic-containing medium |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the enxyme beta-lactamase (penicillinase)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is stringent control? |
|
Definition
| only one or two copies of the plasmid will be present in each bacterial cell |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| plasmid replication isn't tied to cell replication, and there can be hundreds of plasmid copies per cell |
|
|
Term
| how does the Lac Z gene (for beta-galactosidase) allow identification of plasmids with foreign DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the common carrier of chemical energy in the cell? |
|
Definition
| ATP (adenosine triphosphate) |
|
|
Term
| what is the process of transferring energy to ATP called? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what happens during the glycolysis stage? |
|
Definition
| small amount of ATP is produced when glucose is broken down. |
|
|
Term
| what happens during the aerobic respiration stage? |
|
Definition
| pyruvate is converted to ATP |
|
|
Term
| what is the difference between aerobic respiration and anaerobic fermentation? |
|
Definition
aerobic respiration: produces a LOT of ATP
anaerobic fermentation: only a littler ATP |
|
|
Term
| what happens during the aerobic respiration stage if there is no oxygen? |
|
Definition
| pyruvate is converted LACTATE or ETHANOL and CO2 |
|
|
Term
| where does cellular respiration occur in eukaryotic cells? prokaryotic? |
|
Definition
eukaryotic: mitochondria
prokaryotic: cell membrane |
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|
Term
| equation for the breakdown of glucose: |
|
Definition
| glucose + O2 --> CO2 + H2O + ATP(energy) |
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Term
|
Definition
| first stage of glucose metabolism - happens outside the mitochondria in the cellulose |
|
|
Term
| what is the end product of glycolysis? |
|
Definition
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