Term
|
Definition
| and applies energy to perform work |
|
|
Term
| An organism metabolism does what? |
|
Definition
| Transforms matter and energy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| totality of an organisms chemical reactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Begins with a specific molecule
Ends with a product
(Specific Molecule)A->B->C->D(Product) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| study of how organisms manage their energy resources |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the capacity to cause change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| energy associated with motion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Energy that matter possesses b/c of its location or structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction |
|
|
Term
| 1st Law of Thermodynamics |
|
Definition
| The energy in the universe is constant. It cannot be created nor destroyed. |
|
|
Term
| 2nd Law of Thermodynamics |
|
Definition
| Every energy transfer or transformation increases that Entropy (disorder) of the universe. |
|
|
Term
| The Free-Energy change of a reaction tell us? |
|
Definition
| Whether or not the reaction occurs spontaneously |
|
|
Term
| Delta G=Delta H + (T) Delta S |
|
Definition
Delta G = change in the free-energy
Delta H = change in total energy
Delta S = change in entropy
T = Temperature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measure of a system's instability |
|
|
Term
| Whats happens in a spontaneous change? |
|
Definition
| Free-energy decreases + stability increases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
is a state of maximum stability .
Btw - cell are not equilibrium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Release of Free-Energy + Is Spontaneous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| absorbs + is non-spontaneous |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 main kinds of work for a cell? |
|
Definition
| Chemical + Mechanical + Transport |
|
|
Term
| To do work, Cells manage energy resources by release of ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Adenosine Triphopshate , is the cells energy shuttle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ribose (sugar)
Adenine (nitrogen base)
3 phosphate groups |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the terminal phosphate bond is broken |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Can break down ATP's tails between the phosphate group |
|
|
Term
| The 3 main work of a cell is powered by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do the Hydrolysis of ATP perform work? |
|
Definition
In the cell, the energy from the Exergonic reaction of ATP hydrolysis can be used to drive an Endergonic reaction.
Overall the coupled reactions are Exergonic. |
|
|
Term
| ATP drives Endergonic reactions by? |
|
Definition
| Phosphorylation, transferring a phospahte group to some other molecule, such as a reactant. |
|
|
Term
| Phosphorylated Inteermediate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ATP regenerate by addition of a P group to adenosine diP (ADP) |
|
|
Term
| How is ATP a cycle that is like a revolving door? |
|
Definition
| Energy passes during its tranfer from Carabolic to Anabolic pathways |
|
|
Term
| Enzymes speed up metabolic reaction by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a chemical agent that SPeed UP reaction and not consume. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hydrolysis of sucrose by the enzyme sucrose |
|
|
Term
| The initial energy needed to start a chemical reaction is called? |
|
Definition
| Activation Energy (Ea) or free energy of activation |
|
|
Term
| How is Activation energy supplied and what kind of form is it? |
|
Definition
| Activation Energy is supplied by the molecule which absorbs thermal energy. |
|
|
Term
| How does Enzymes lower the Ea Barrier? |
|
Definition
| Enzymes catalyze the reactions by lowering the Ea Barrier. They do not affect the change in free energy. |
|
|
Term
| Reactant that Enzyme acts on is? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Enzyme that binds to its substrate is called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| region on enzyme where substrate binds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a substrate brings chemical groups of active site into position that enhance their ability to catalyze reaction |
|
|
Term
| What are the four ways Active site can lower an Ea barrier by? |
|
Definition
Orienting substrates correctly
Straining substrate bonds
Providing a favorable microenvironment
Covalently bonding to the substrate |
|
|
Term
| What can affect an enzyme's activity? |
|
Definition
General environment
Chemical that specifically influence the enzymes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Are nonprotein enzymes helpers.
It can also be inorganic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bind to active site of enzyme |
|
|
Term
| Noncompetitive inhibitors |
|
Definition
| bind to another part of enzymes |
|
|
