Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Bio of Algae
Final Exam
123
Biology
Undergraduate 3
05/03/2010

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
coral reefs
Definition
one of the most diverse and productive communities of algae. Found usually in the southern Gulf of Mexico. Symbiotic with unicellular algae to function as primary producers. Most common algae found in this location is Corralines.
Term
deep-water hard banks
Definition
rock areas that arise from the ocean floor. Found in NW Gulf of Mexico
Term
Alabama Alps
Definition
an extensive deep (~100m) reef tract that occurs on the Mississippi-Alabama outer continental shelf. It is unknown what kind of algae live here.
Term
artificial reefs
Definition
oil and gas platforms that provide substratum for algae to grow
Term
environmental cloning
Definition
extracting DNA from an environmental sample and running PCR (Haj's research in Gabon)
Term
allelopathy
Definition
a biological phenomenon by which an organism produces one or more biochemicals that influence the growth, survival, and reproduction of other organisms
Term
anoxia
Definition
a total decrease in the level of oxygen; waters that have no oxygen (Dead Zone in GOM)
Term
biodeterioration
Definition
the breakdown of materials by microbial action
Term
bioindicator
Definition
any biological species or group of species whose function, population, or status can be used to determine ecosystem or environmental integrity
Term
chemical ecology
Definition
chemical factors that have an effect on the development of seaweeds; includes salinity and any chemical substances present in the water
Term
Wakame
Definition
the common name for Undaria; its cultivated and harvested in Japan, China, and Korea; used in noodles, soups, soybeans, and seaweed salads
Term
Sea Grapes
Definition
(also Sea Caviar) the common name for Caulerpa; it is cultivated in the Philippines and used in fresh salads
Term
Winged Kelp
Definition
the common name for Alaria; it is collected in the wild in Ireland and Scotland and used in bar soap
Term
Sea Moss
Definition
the common name for Gracilaria; it's cultivated in tanks in Hawaii and used in alcoholic drinks; has a reputation for being an aphrodisiac
Term
stenothermal
Definition
algae that have a narrow range of temperature toleration
Term
oligophotic
Definition
a deep zone of water (down to 500m) where only certain organisms can survive due to the minimal amount of light able to penetrate to those depths
Term
photophile
Definition
species that live in the euphotic zone at a maximum density of 20m in depth
Term
sciaphile
Definition
species that live in the euphotic zone at a maximum density of 50m in depth
Term
oligohalines
Definition
algal species that are eliminated when the salinity levels of water increase
Term
polyhalines
Definition
algal species that are eliminated when the salinity levels of water decrease; usually marine species
Term
stenohalines
Definition
species sensitive to salinity variation
Term
synergism
Definition
organic substances that have a positive effect on plankton populations, Ex.Chrysophyceans produce organic acids, lowers the pH, releases minerals, leading to more Chrysophyceans
Term
zonation
Definition
the shore area that is exposed during low tide and reflooded at high tide undergoes an alternation of emersion and submersion and its biological effect is manifested by the different seaweeds living within the oscillating tides
Term
succession
Definition
the process of persistent species replacing opportunistic species
Term
supralittoral
Definition
the belt between the upper limit of the marine vegetation and the mean level of high tide
Term
zones
Definition
conspicuous horizontal bands or variable height that form by associations in the littoral belt, and continue along the coast
Term
upwelling
Definition
an oceanographic phenomenon that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-depleted surface water
Term
relict
Definition
algae whose distribution was continuous in the past, but it no longer continuous in their geographic distribution
Term
seagrass
Definition
communities with monocots that are not true grasses
Term
Sea Caviar
Definition
(also Sea Grapes) the common name for Caulerpa; it is cultivated in the Philippines and used in fresh salads
Term
Saltmarsh
Definition
communities in the littoral zone ith low wave energy (protected bays). They are dominant coastal vegetation north of Mobile Bay
Term
pinnacles
Definition
deep reef tracts that arise from the sea floor (Ex. Alabama Alps)
Term
terrestrial
Definition
anything that grows on land and not in or on the water
Term
soil algae
Definition
terrestrial algae associated with the soil (edaphic algae)
Term
salinity
Definition
the total content of salts dissolved in the water
Term
short wavelength
Definition
the blues and greens of the color spectrum; the ones located in the deep waters of the ocean
Term
agar
Definition
a sulfated polygalactan extracted from the walls of various red algae that is used as a gelling agent; other uses- confectionary, stabilizer, packing material, laxative, etc...
Term
alginic acid
Definition
polysaccharides extracted from the walls of brown algae for industrial application- found in Sargassum, Laminaria, Macrocystis, Ascophyllum, and others.
Term
carrageenan
Definition
mucilaginous sulfated polygalactans in the cell walls of red algae that are extracted for use as gelling agents in the food industry; three types- kappa, iota, and lambda
Term
diatomite
Definition
fossilized diatoms
Term
endolithic
Definition
growing inside the pore spaces of rocks
Term
epilimnion
Definition
the upper layer of a stratified water body whose waters are typically warmer in the summer and more oxygen rich than the bottom waters
Term
epilithic
Definition
living on the surface of rocks
Term
epiphytic
Definition
growing on the surface of plants or algae; these algae seek protection (against rough seas, or excessive illumination) from the host. Ex; sphacelaria grows on sargassum
Term
auxotrophic
Definition
cannot synthesize organic compounds therefore lives in a habitat where they have access to nutrients
Term
benthic algae
Definition
algae that lives in the benthos, and on the surface of a substrate, animal, other plants, etc...
Term
cosmopolitan
Definition
algae that are found all over the world, regardless of height. Characteristic of extreme eurythermal algae
Term
cryptoendolithic
Definition
algae hidden inside rocks
Term
antagonism
Definition
organic substances that have a negative effect on plankton populations. Ex. Dinoflagellates produce Saxitoxins, which are harmful to finfish, seabirds, marine mammals, and humans
Term
antibacterial
Definition
algae that fights off bacteria; Cladophora, Centroceras, Clavulatum, and Gelidium
Term
antifungal
Definition
algae that kills fungus; Bryopsis, Cladophora, Centroceras, Clavulatum, Gelidium, and Jania
Term
Anti-herpetic
Definition
algae that defends against herpes; Chaetomorpha, Cladophora, Entermorpha, Ulva, and Centroceras
Term
anti-inflammatory
Definition
algae that reduces inflammation; Gelidium
Term
anti-influenza
Definition
algae that defends against the flu virus; Gelidium and Ceramium
Term
antiviral
Definition
algae that fights viral disease; Bryopsis, Chaetomorpha, Cladophora, Entermorpha, Ulva, Centroceras, and Gelidium
Term
Aonori
Definition
the common name for Entermorpha and Monostroma; cultivated and harvested in Japan for use as condiments on food
Term
Dulse
Definition
the common name for Palmaria palmata; harvested in Ireland and Canada and used as a condiment and cocktail snack, Also can be eaten raw or cooked with potatoes , soup, or fish
Term
Agarophyte
Definition
algae that produces agar; most common- Gelidium and Gracilaria
Term
carrageenophytes
Definition
algae that produces carrageenans; most common- Kappaphycus and Eucheuma
Term
edaphic
Definition
algae that grows on the soil; ex. cyanobacteria, tribophyceans, chlorophyceans and diatoms
Term
belt
Definition
an ensemble of stations in which the ecological conditions in respect to the level of the water are essentially the same. Three types: supralittoral, littoral, and infralittoral
Term
bionomic division
Definition
classification of different types of stations inhabited by marine algae
Term
associations
Definition
an ecological unit formed by an algal flora that is composed of algae that are always the same.
Term
disjunct
Definition
algae that are not continuous in their geographic distribution
Term
Dead Zone
Definition
the anoxic area of the Gulf of Mexico that has little to no biodiversity
Term
chemical defense
Definition
some algae produce a chemical as a way to fend off predators
Term
chamoendolithic
Definition
algae that grows on rocks, and but is camouflaged to look like the rock
Term
oligotrophic
Definition
waters that are low in nutrients such as phosphates and combined nitrogen, and consequently low in primary productivity and biomass, but typically high in species diversity
Term
parasitic
Definition
a situation in which a member of one species lives on or in another species and feeds upon the host to its harm
Term
phycocolloids
Definition
agar,carrageenans, and alginic acid
Term
phytoplankton
Definition
free floating or swimming microscopic algae, with or without motility, and without associations with submerged substrates
Term
sarcinoid
Definition
consisting of a three dimensional packet of cells- characteristic of Desmococcus, the most common alga in the world
Term
subaerial algae
Definition
algae that grow on the surfaces of substrates, where they are exposed to the atmosphere and sunlight
Term
thermocline
Definition
the region of greatest rate of vertical temperature change in a stratified body of water
Term
opportunistic
Definition
algae that take advantage of whatever is available- be it food, minerals, etc... these type of algae usually precede succession
Term
pantropical
Definition
across the tropics; an alga that can occur in all tropical regions
Term
palatability
Definition
being acceptable to the mouth as a flavor
Term
pleuston
Definition
alga (cyanobacteria) or bacteria that live at the very surface of water
Term
productivity
Definition
process that produce results, be it minerals, nutrients, chemicals, etc...
Term
secondary metabolites
Definition
are organic compounds that are not directly involved in the normal growth, development, or reproduction of organisms
Term
solarization
Definition
a phenomenon where a material undergoes a temporary change in color after being subjected to high energy electromagnetic radiation, such as ultraviolet light or X-ray
Term
sympatric
Definition
organisms whose ranges overlap or are even identical, so that they occur together at least in some places
Term
thixotropic
Definition
property of certain gels or fluids that are thick (viscous) under normal conditions, but flow (become thin, less viscous) over time when shaken, agitated, or otherwise stressed
Term
Epizooic
Definition
living or growing on the exterior surface of an animal usually as a parasite
Term
Endolithic
Definition
emersed in rock
Term
Euphotic
Definition
the depth of the water in a lake or ocean, that is exposed to sufficient sunlight for photosynthesis to occur
Term
Eurihalines
Definition
- species that stand a salinity variation way below or above their optimum
Term
Eurythermal
Definition
- tolerating a wide range of temperature
Term
Eutrophic
Definition
- Waters rich in nitrates, phosphates and calcium (eutrophic) have an abundant flora in which Chlorophyceans and Cyanobacteria are dominant
Term
Facies
Definition
: The nature of the substratum the algae grows on, and especially the size of the particles of unconsolidated material, permits the distinction of facies
Term
Green caviar
Definition
- Sea Grapes- Caulerpa lentillifera; Cultivated in Philippines ;Used as fresh salads
Term
Herbivores
Definition
- feeding only on plants
Term
Heterotrophic
Definition
requiring organic compounds of carbon and nitrogen for nourishment;
Term
Hiziki
Definition
- is a brown sea vegetable growing wild on rocky coastlines around Japan, Korea, and China - Sargassum fusiforme
Term
Hypolimnion
Definition
- The deepest layer of lake water, cold and devoid of oxygen
Term
Hypolithic
Definition
i think growing on the underside of rocks
Term
Hypoxia
Definition
oxygen depletion
Term
Invasive species
Definition
- non-indigenous species (e.g. plants or animals) that adversely affect the habitats they invade economically, environmentally or ecologically
Term
Infralittoral
Definition
- the algal dominated zone below low water mark
Term
Irish moss
Definition
- dark purple edible seaweed of the Atlantic coasts of Europe and North America- Chondrus crispus
Term
Keystone species
Definition
- A species that exerts a large, stabilizing influence throughout an ecological community, despite its relatively small numerical abundance
Term
Kombu
Definition
- also called dashima (다시마 dasima) or haidai , is edible kelp from the family Laminariaceae widely eaten in East Asia.
Term
Law of limiting factors
Definition
- There is invariably one factor which, when changed, would have the greatest effect on the population (e.g., a resource which is in short supply, which if increased would allow the population to grow)
Term
Limu
Definition
a general name for all kinds of plants living under water, both fresh and salt, also algae growing in any damp place
Term
Lithophytic-
Definition
Lithophytes are a type of plant that grows in or on rocks. Lithophytes feed off moss, nutrients in rain water, litter, and even their own dead tissue
Term
Littoral
Definition
- a shore; the zone between high tide and low tide waterlines
Term
Long wave-length
Definition
radiations with longer wave length are absorbed faster than shorter wavelength (think of the diagram with light into water, blue goes much further down than red which means red is absorbed faster)
Term
Macroelements
Definition
- Like land plants, certain elements are necessary in elevated concentrations, they are the macroelements: N, P, S, Ca, Mg, Si, etc
Term
Mangroves-
Definition
Any of various tropical evergreen trees or shrubs that grow in shallow coastal water
Term
Mineralization
Definition
process where an organic substance is converted to an inorganic substance
Term
Mixotrophs
Definition
Organisms that are part autotrophic and part heterotrophic
Term
Mozuku
Definition
is a type of edible seaweed in the genus Cladosiphon, naturally found in Okinawa
Term
Nannoplankton
Definition
- (5-60 μ) small species that can be found even with light intensities less than 0.06-0.07% compared with the water surface
Term
Nitrophilous
Definition
Thriving in a habitat rich in nitrogen
Term
Nori
Definition
Japanese name for various edible seaweed species of the red alga Porphyra
Term
Oligoelements
Definition
- certain elements necessary in weak concentrations, they are the oligoelements: Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, etc
Term
Morphological convergence
Definition
- adaptation of terrestrial algae by morphing their thallus
Term
Mycosporine
Definition
- another adaptation of terrestrial algae that is like amino acids as protection from UV radiation
Term
Modes-
Definition
Variation in the composition of the water and its degree of turbulence; brackish, saline, exposed, protected.
Term
Mesocosm
Definition
a thing constructed to mediate constantly flowing water to test algae (when that stupid guy from Alaska came to talk to us)
Term
mesograzer
Definition
organisms that use algae as dietary source
Term
hydrophilic extract
Definition
extract put off by macroalgae to defend mesograzers in the antarctic
Term
lipophilic extract
Definition
also an extract put off my macroalgae to defend mesograzers (forgive my poor definitions on this and the other extract, i dont understand it much)
Supporting users have an ad free experience!