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Definition
| The beginning steps of replication, transcription and translation |
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Definition
| The main synthetic process to make DNA, RNA or protein during replication, transcription or translation |
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| The final steps in the completion of replication, transcription or translation |
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Definition
| A particular DNA sequence at which replication is initiated |
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Definition
| 240 nucleotide AT-rich sequence in bacteria where replication is initiated |
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Definition
| Enzymes that separate complementary strands of nucleic acids during replication or transcription |
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Definition
| Enzymes that untangle DNA by cutting and passing strands through DNA circles or supercoils |
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Definition
| An RNA sequence complementary to DNA which can be synthesized without a free 3'-OH group on which to add additional nucleotides |
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Definition
| An enzyme that can link together DNA strands that have double strand breaks |
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Definition
| The origin recognition complex which binds to the replication origin to initiate replication |
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Definition
| A bacterial DNA polymerase for repair; has 5' --> 3' and 3' --> 5' exonuclease activity |
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Definition
| The main bacterial DNA polymerase for DNA elongation; also has 3' --> 5' exonuclease activity |
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Definition
| A bacterial replication initiation factor that promotes complementary strand separation |
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Definition
| A bacterial helicase which opens up DNA at the replication fork |
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Definition
| A 9 base pair sequence in bacterial DNA at the origin of replication where DnaA binds |
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Definition
| A short fragment of DNA with a 5' RNA segment which is synthesized on the lagging strand during replication |
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Definition
| Proteins that bind to single stranded DNA to prevent reannealing of complementary strands during replication |
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Definition
| A topoisomerase which untangles DNA by looping and cutting the strands |
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Definition
| A form of RNA polymerase that binds helicase and synthesizes a short fragment of RNA to start replication |
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Definition
| DNA that is continuously synthesized off of the 3'-->5' template |
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Definition
| DNA that is discontinuously synthesized off of the 5'-->3' template |
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Definition
| A protein ring that slides along DNA and holds the polymerase to it |
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Definition
| Chromosome assembly factor that disassembles and reassembles chromatin |
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Definition
| Proliferating cell nuclear antigen which is the equivalent of bacterial clamp protein to attatch polymerase in eukaryotic replication |
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Definition
| A eukaryotic helicase that separates complementary strands and "license" the origin to begin replication |
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Definition
| An enzyme that degrades RNA from 3'-->5' to remove RNA so it can be replaced by DNA in eukaryotic replication |
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Term
| Bidirectional Replication |
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Definition
| Replication with two forks moving apart in opposite directions from a single origin |
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Definition
| Sequence in bacterial DNA opposite to the origin where termination occurs |
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Definition
| Bacterial protein which binds replication termination site and blocks DnaB helicase to stop replication |
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Definition
| An enzyme which adds repetitive DNA sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes |
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Definition
| Replication initiation proteins that are formed during G1 and bind to the replication origin |
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Definition
| A protein required for initiation which recruits MCM to the replication origin |
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Definition
| A component of the replication licensing system which promotes the loading of MCM onto chromatin and regulated by geminin |
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Term
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Definition
| The main enzyme of transcription |
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Term
| Posttranscriptional Processing |
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Definition
| Removal of introns, 5' capping and polyadenylation |
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Term
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Definition
| Contains coding (exon) and noncoding (intron) sequences that determines the protein 1(0) structure in translation |
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Term
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Definition
| Has a cloverleaf secondary structure with 3 loops, with one for the anticodon and one for the amino acid charging |
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Definition
| Segments of nucleic acid that do not code for the protein whose synthesis it directs |
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Definition
| Coding region in a nucleic acid that directs the sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis |
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Definition
| The removal of introns and connecting of extrons |
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Definition
| A complex of snRNPs (small nuclear RNAS complexed with proteins) that which excises introns and join exons |
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Definition
| A 7-methylguanosine linked to the 5' end of mRNA; protects the mRNA from degradation and important for the initiation of translation |
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Term
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Definition
| 150-200 adenine nucleotides added to the 3' end of an mRNA |
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Definition
| The enzyme that recognizes the conserved sequence AAUAAA or AUUAAA, cuts the RNA about 20 bp further down, and adds 150-200 adenines to the mRNA |
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Definition
| A catalytic RNA such as the 23s rRNA in the ribosome, or the RNA in the spliceosome |
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Definition
| Three nucleotides on tRNA that complementary base pair with mRNA to align amino acids in translation |
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Definition
| The enzyme that transcribes rRNA in eukaroyetes |
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Term
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Definition
| The enzyme that transcribes mRNA in eukaryots |
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Definition
| The enzyme that transcribes tRNA in eukaryots |
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Definition
| Protein factor that binds C-rich region of mRNA and pulls RNA off of prokaryotic RNAP |
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Definition
| A series of protein factors in eukaryotes that recognize and bind TATA box and form the PIC |
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Definition
| A series of proteins which recognize and bind consensus sequances and DNA and brings prokaryotic RNAP holoenzyme to DNA for transcripition |
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Definition
| A general transcripition factor in eukarotes that recogonize and bind TATA box and form from the pic |
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Term
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Definition
| An ordered combination of general transcripition factors in eukaryotes that binds in the promoter region to attract RNA polymerase to initiation transcripition |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA sequence TATAAAA found in promoter regions of eukaryotic DNA to which RNA polymerase binds |
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Term
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Definition
| A conserved sequence in DNA which codes for a regulatory or signaling cotranslational processing |
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Term
| Carboxyl Tail Domain (CTD) |
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Definition
| A protein tail of a eukaryotic RNAP subunit which is involved in releasing the PIC in initiation, termination and cotranslational processing |
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Term
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Definition
| A region upstream or down stream of a gene that, when bound by transcripition factors, promotes transcripition of that gene in eukaryotes |
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Definition
| The small region where DNA is unwound and then rewound by RNAP during transcription |
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Term
| Rho-Dependant Termination |
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Definition
| The Binding of rho protein to a 40 bp C rich region of mRNA that which then pulls mRNA off of RNAP to cause termination |
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Term
| Rho-independent termination |
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Definition
| A short complementary GC-rich sequence followed by several Us which producesa hairpin in the transcript which releases RNAP and results in termination |
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Term
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Definition
| A cellular structure made of a large and a small subunit of RNA's complexed with proteins which catalyze translation |
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Definition
| A sequence of 3 nucleotides on mRNA that correspond to a particular amino acid to be added in translation |
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Term
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Definition
| A set of rules which indicates how DNA sequence is is used to determine amino acid sequence of proteins using the complemantary 3 nucleotide sequnce on the mRnA transcribed form the DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| A squence of 3 nucleotides on tRNA that is a complementary to the codon on mRNA to which it align and brings the amino acid which the codon specifies |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzymatic bonding of atRNA to its appropriate amino acid by amionacul-tRna synthetase |
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Term
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Definition
| The duplicate coding for amino acids due to the degeneracy of the genetic code where there are 64 three base codes and only 20 amino acids; thus there is more than one codon for most o the amino acids |
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Term
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Definition
| The 3' end of a tRNA ending in-CCA to which the amino acid is covalently attached |
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Term
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Definition
| The enzyme which recognizes a specific amino acid and a specifi tRNA and catalyzes the formation of a covalent bond between the two |
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Term
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Definition
| The ribosome binding site on prkaryote mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the three loops on a tRNA which contains the 3 nucelotides that allow it to align specifically with mRNA |
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Definition
| A sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA which always codes for the first amino acid of a protein (AUG) |
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Definition
| One of three sequences of nucleotides on mRNA for which there is no tRNA to bind and results in translation termination |
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Term
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Definition
| The modified first amino acid ofprokaryotic proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| The nonmodidifed firs amino acid acid of eukaryotic translated proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| 5' and 3' regions of the mRNA that do not get translated |
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Definition
| RNA that makes up the small ribosomal subunit in prokaryotes and binds to mRNA in initiation |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteins that bind to ribosomal subunits and mRNA that bring components together in the correct positions to start translation |
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Term
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Definition
| RNA that makes up the small ribosoal subunit in prokaryotes and binds to mRNA in initiation |
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Term
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Definition
| The RNA of the large subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes that is the catalytic ribozyme of transdepidation |
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Term
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Definition
| RNA that makes up the small ribosomal subunit in eukaroytes and is involved in forming the initiation complex |
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Term
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Definition
| The RNA of the large subunit o prokaryotic ribosomes that is the catalytic ribozyme of elongation |
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Term
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Definition
| The subunit which binds with mRNA and initiation factors to form the initiation complex of translation |
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Term
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Definition
| The subunit which secondarily binds with mRNA and the other ribosomal subunit to beigin translation |
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Term
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Definition
| A Complex of protein factors, mRNA, met-tRNA, and the small and large ribosomal subunit which is required to start translation |
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Term
| Ribosomal recyling factor |
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Definition
| A protein that dissociates the ribosome from the RNA and releases subunits |
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Term
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Definition
| The enzyme taht hydrolyzes the polypeptide chain off of the terminal tRNA and dissociates the release factors |
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Term
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Definition
| A consensus sequence CAAAAUG at which translation begins in eukaryotes |
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Term
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Definition
| A GTP-binding protein that binds to a stop codon |
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Term
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Definition
| the location on the large ribosomal subunit which binds uncharged tRNAs before thet leave teh ribosome |
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Term
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Definition
| The process in which the pre-initiation complex binds to the mRNA and translocates along it to find the start codon |
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Term
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Definition
| Amino acids brought by the tRNA's are joined together by the ribosome in the order determined by the mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| The conformational change of the aminoacyl-tRNA to reposition the acceptor stem for peptide bond formation |
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Term
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Definition
| The formation of the peptide bond catalyzed by the largest rRNA in the large ribosomal subunit of translation |
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Term
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Definition
| The location on the large ribosomal subunit which binds the aminoacyl-tRNA that has the growing polypeptide c chain as new charged tRNAs enter the ribosome/mRNA complex |
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Term
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Definition
| The ribosome moves over one codon relative to the mRNA so that the growing peptide which is initially in the A-site after transpeptidation moves to the P-site |
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Term
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Definition
| The location on the large ribosomal subunit which binds aminoacyl-tRNA during elongation |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteins such as GTP- binding proteins which undergo conformational changes and function in elongation |
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Term
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Definition
| Helicase DnaB binds and slides 5'-->3' unzipping the helix at the replication forks, one on leading and on one lagging strand |
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Term
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Definition
| Primase makes a short complementary RNA with XTP's |
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Term
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Definition
| DnaA binds to the 13 base pair sequence, the DnaA box, that us reoeated 5 times in oriC |
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Term
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Definition
| Ligase joins consecutive DNA segments |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA pol III begins attaching dXTPs |
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Definition
| The origin is unwound at an AT rich region so more DnaA proteins can bind and coat DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| Tus binds to Ter site to stop DnaB helicase |
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Definition
| SSB protein keeps complementary strands seperated while gyrase untaglesDNA |
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Term
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Definition
| pol I uses exonuclease to remove RNA and replace it with RNA |
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