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| are collections of similar cells and the substances that surround them. |
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| are collections of similar cells and the substances that surround them. |
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| are communities of cells embedded in a structural framework or matrix performing a definite function |
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Epithelial Connective Vascular Muscle Nervous |
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| Diff types of tissue level organization |
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| Microscopic Study of Tissues |
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| These are arranged in thin layers that cover various surfaces both external and internal parts of the body. |
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Consists almost entirely of cells Covers body surfaces and forms glands Has free and basal surface Specialized cell contacts Avascular Undergoes mitosis |
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| 1. Epithelium Characteristics |
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Protecting underlying structures Acting as barriers Permitting the passage of substances Secreting substances Absorbing substances |
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Squamous columnar ciliated cuboidal |
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| – cells are flat and polygonal resembling like tiles in the pavement. Found in outermost part of the skin. |
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| elongated and prismatic due to the pressure exerted by the neighboring cells. The epithelium is found in the linings of the digestive tube. |
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| – specially found in trachea. With hair-like structure known as cilia. |
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| – found in the lumen of the kidney. |
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simple stratified pseudostratified transitional |
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| Classification of Epithelium by layers |
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| Diffusion, Filtration, Secretion, Absorption, Protection |
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| Cell layers and shapes of epithelium |
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| Increase surface area absorption or secretion |
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| Move materials across cell surface |
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| Cell connections of epirthelial |
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| This tissue supports, bounds and connects together the different parts of the body. Cells are loosely arranged, with large amount of matrix between them. |
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Enclosing and separating as capsules around organs Connecting tissues to one another as tendons and ligaments Supporting and moving as bones Storing as fat Cushioning and insulating as fat Transporting as blood Protecting as cells of the immune system |
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| Functions of Connective Tissue |
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| Produce the extracellular matrix |
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1. create the matrix 2. maintain the matrix 3. break the matrix down for remodeling |
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| (connective tissue) respond to injury or infection |
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| that phagocytize or provide protection |
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| the matrix is composed of fibers embossed in a liquid amorphous substance. |
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1.Collagenous of White Fibers 2.Elastic or Yellow Fibers 3.Reticular Fibers |
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| collagen fibers/ white fibers |
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| most common. Long wavy and consist of bundles of fine fibrils known as fibrillae which lie parallel along with each other that gives a long striated appearance. |
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| elastic fibers/ yellow fibers |
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| occur singly and do not consist of fibrils. They branch and appear darker than the individual white fibers. |
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| – fine, wavy, branched and form a network. |
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| Adipose connective tissue |
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| –this tissue fills up the spaces between organs. Cells are round and appear hollow with thin cytoplasm at its periphery. The small flattened nucleus is located close to the cell membrane. This appearance of the cell is due to the destruction of the stored fat globule during the preparation of the cell. |
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| cartilage connective tissue |
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| Obtainable from ends of ribs, articular surfaces of the long bones, tip of the nose and ears. |
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| The matrix is glass-like of opalescent bluish ground substance called |
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| Scattered in hyaline matrix are several spaces called |
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| In the lacuna are lodged cells called |
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| The connective tissue envelope which forms the outermost covering of the cartilage is the |
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Slightly compressible and very tough Found in areas of body where a great deal of pressure is applied to joints Knee, jaw, between vertebrae |
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Rigid but elastic properties External ears, epiglottis |
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| make up the framework of the body and offers protection of many vital organ. |
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| The bone matrix is arranged in somewhat regular coecentric rings called |
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| Within the bone matrix are _____ are lodged. |
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| Arising from the lacuna are branching canals called the |
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| In the center of each lamellae is a cavity called |
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| The lamellae which encloses a haversian canal constitute a haversian canal system called |
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| ___-is also known to be the structural unit of the bone tissue. |
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_____is a circulating tissue. It functions as the transporting medium in the body carrying gases to and from the tissues. It also protects the body from the effects of disease causing foreign organism. This tissue is composed of a liquid medium and formed elements. |
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| give color to blood and carry oxygen – 4-5 million per cc of blood. Appears oval with centrally located nucleus. |
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| protects from disease foreign organisms – 8-10 thousand per cc of blood. Smaller than erythrocytes. |
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| white blood cells with granules in cytoplasm |
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| check hemorrhagic activity- 200-400 thousand per cc of blood. |
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Forms blood cells Found in bone marrow |
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| This tissue has one primary function that is for contraction. The contractility of this tissue causes movements in animals from place or another. |
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skeletal or striated voluntary cardiac or striated involuntary smooth or visceral unstriated involuntary |
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| - This tissue is specialized to receive and transmit impulses from either within or outside of the body which induce appropriate responses. |
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| unit structure nervous tissue is called |
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receive impulses sends impulses (neuron) |
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