Phylum Porifera

Genus Grantia

Choanocytes - Food Filtering Cells

Phylum Porifera

Genus Grantia

Phylum Porifera

Genus Grantia

Spicules - crystalline skeletal structures

Eukaryotic

Multicellular

Ingestive-Feeding Heterotrophs

Lack Tissues & Organs

Asymmetrical Assemblages of Cells

Internal Cavity containing choanocytes

Sexual & Asexual Reproduction

Hermaphroditic

Phylum Porifera

Genus Spongia

Phylum Porifera

Genus Euplectella

Phylum Cnidaria 

Class Hydrazoa

Genus Hydra

Radially Symetrical

Body Wall - 2 Cellular Layers:

Ectodermis - muscular contractile cells

Endodermis - secrete enzymes to GVC

Mesoglea separates the two layers 

Polymorphism - medusa & polpy stages

Extracellular Digestion

Phylum Cnidaria

Class Hydrozoa

Genus Hydra

Cross-Section

No medusa stage

Basal Disks which attach to substrate

Phylum Cnidaria

Class Hydrozoa

Genus Obelia

(Colonial) Polyp - Stage

Gastrozoids- specialized feeding polyp

Gonozoids - reproductive polyps (asexually via budding)

Phylum Cnidaria

Class Hydrozoa

Genus Obelia

Medusa Stage

Reproduce sexually via gametes 

Form new polyps

Phylum Cnidaria

Class Hydrozoa

Genus Physalia

Floating colony of polymorphic polyps

Some polyps gas-filled to suspend remaining nutritive polyps

Phylum Cnidaria

Class Hydrozoa

Genus Physalia

(Man-of-War)

Nematocysts - lethal stingers

Phylum Cnidaria

Class Hydrozoa

Genus Gonionemus

Large medusa 

Manual p. 394 for structure of medusa 

Phylum Cnidaria

Class Scyphozoa

Genus Aurelia

Planula Larva

Swimming mass of ciliated cells

Phylum Cnidaria

Class Scyphozoa

Genus Aurelia 

Schyphistoma - Polyp Stage

Phylum Cnidaria

Class Scyphozoa

Genus Aurelia

Ephrya - immature medusa stage 

Phylum Cnidaria 

Class Scyphozoa 

Genus Aurelia (Moon Jellyfish)

Mature Medusa 

Phylum Cnidaria

Class Anthozoa

Genus Metridium

No Medusa stage

Anemone

Phylum Cnidaria 

Class Anthozoa

Genus Tubipora 

Tropical organ-pipe coral

Parallel polyps encased in calcaneous tubes

Phylum Cnidaria

Class Anthozoa

Genus Tubipora 

No medusa stage

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Class Turbellaria

Genus Dugesia (Planaria)

Acoelomate - mesoderm a solid mass of tissue w/ no internal cavity

Triploblastic - 3 germ layers

GVC - one opening

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Class Turbellaria 

Genus Dugesia 

Hermaphroditic

Mostly extracellular digestion; phagocytic cells also present

Head - lateral lobes & sensory organs (eyespots)

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Class Turbellaria 

Genus Dugesia 

Regeneration possible

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Class Trematoda (parasitic flukes)

Genus Opisthorchis (Clonorchis)

Chinese liver fluke

Consult figure 37.4 p. 402 for internal structure

Phylum Platyhelminthes (flat worms)

Class Trematoda (parasitic flukes)

Genus Fasciola (sheep liver flukes)

Consult figure 37.5 p.402 for internal structure 

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Class Trematoda

Genus Schistosoma (blood flukes)

Causes Schistosomiasis: infects >200 million people

enlarged liver, spleen, bladder

Phylum Platyhelminthes 

Class Trematoda

Genus Schistosoma

Dioecious 

Male has central groove along body

Female cradles groove during copulation

Phylum Platyhelminthes 

Class Cestoda

Genus Taenia

Scolex - anterior end which adheres to host's intestinal wall w/ hooks/suckes

Neck - directly behind scolex

Proglottids - directly behind neck

Phylum Platyhelminthes 

Class Cestoda

Genus Taenia

Immature Proglottid

Proglottid- series of segments of self-containing packets of male & female reproductive organs

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Class Cestoda (tapeworms)

Genus Taenia

Mature Proglottid

Proglottids share longitudinal nerves & excretory ducts

Genital Pore Present

Figure 37.9 p.405 internal structure 

Phylum Platyhelmnithes

Class Cestoda (Tape Worm)

Genus Taenia

Gravid Proglottid (Egg-carrying)

Break fre and pass from host 

Phylum Nematoda (roundworms)

Genus Ascaris

Male smaller than female

Covered by chemically active cuticle

Pseudocoelom - body cavity; fluid filled space bwtn body wall and digestive tract

Males - hooked posterior end

Phylum Nematoda (Roundworms)

Genus Ascaris

Male cross section

Phylum Nematoda

Genus Ascaris

Female Cross-Section

Phylum Nematoda

Genus Ascaris

Esophagus cross section

Phylum Nematoda

Genus Turbatrix

Vinegar Eel

Nematodes - only longitudinal muscles & hydrostatic skeleton

Whip-like motion

Phylum Nematoda

Genus Trichinella

Causes Trichinosis - causes calcified cysts in the tounge

Humans infected by poorly cooked pork

Phylum Nematoda

Genus Ancylostoma (hookworm)

causes anemia in infected livestock

Phylum Nematoda

Genus Enterobius

Female migrates to anus to lay eggs

Affects children greatly

Phylum Annelida (segmented worms)

Class Polychaeta

Genus Nereis

 Parapodia - pair on each segment, for locomotion

Coelomate - body cavity compartments surrounded by mesoderm

Protosome - well-developed nervous, circulatory, excretory, reproductive & digestive systems

Phylum Annelida 

Class Polychaeta

Genus Nereis

Parapodium Cross Section

Fleshy appendages which help move & respire

Phylum Annelida (segmented worm)

Class Polychaeta

Genus Aphrodita (Sea Mouse)

Phylum Annelida

Class Polychaeta

Genus Aphrodita

Sea Mouse

Phylum Annelida

Class Polychaeta

Class Polychaeta worm

Phylum Annelida

Class Polychaeta

Tube Worm

Phylum Annelida

Class Oligochaeta

Genus Lumbricus (earthworm)

Burrowing Motion - movement requires extension, anchoring, and contraction

Occurs by alternating contractions of circular & longitudinal muscles against hydrostatic pressure w/in each segment

Phylum Annelida

Class Oligochaeta

Genus Lumbricus

Hermaphroditic

Clitellum band-aid looking structure; fxns in copulation

Phylum Annelida

Class Oligochaeta

Genus Lumbricus (earthworm)

Phylum Annelida

Class Oligochaeta

Genus Lumbricus (Earthworm)

Phylum Annelida

Class Oligochaeta

Genus Lumbricus

Phylum Annelida

Class Oligochaeta

Genus Lumbricus

Phylum Annelida

Class Oligochaeta

Genus Lumbricus

Phylum Annelida

Class Hirudinea (leeches)

Appear segmented

Reproduce sexually

Hermaphroditic

Phylum Annelida

Class Hirudinea

Spermatophore - packet of sperm ; injected into female gonopore during copulation