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Bio Lab Practical 1 (#turnt)
Prokaryote/Microscope, Protist, Fungi, Plantae
88
Biology
Undergraduate 1
09/26/2015

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Cards

Term
Name some Differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
Definition

1. Prokaryotes do not have a nuclear envelope of membrane-enclosed organelles.

2. Most prokaryotes are unicellular (but may form colonies or filaments)

3. Most prokaryotes have a cell wall surrounding the cell membrane

4. Most have a single, circular DNA Molecule.

5. May have a capsule or slime layer around the cell wall

Term
What are the three BASIC shapes of bacteria.
Definition

Sprillium

Coccus

Bacillus 

 

Term
[image]
Definition
Coccus
Term
[image]
Definition
Spirillium
Term
[image]
Definition
Bacillus
Term
What are heterocyctes?
Definition
Cyanobacteria involved in nitrogen bacteria.
Term
Name the difference between Bacteria and Archaea.
Definition

These two domains have been found to have different small subunit 16s ribosomal RNA sequences from each other. 

 

Term
Define mutualism
Definition
symbiotic relationship between two organisms in which both organisms benefit.
Term
Define commensalism.
Definition
Symbiotic relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits while the other is unaffected.
Term
Define Parasitism.
Definition
symbiotic relationship between two organisms in which one organism lives on or in another and depends on it, while the other partner is harmed.
Term
Name some characteristics of Archaea.
Definition

1. Does NOT contain peptidoglycan in cell wall.

2. many have adaptations to be able to grow in extreme environments.

3. Few plasmids have been found in this group

4. Histones may be present with DNA

5. Do NOT form endospores

6. Plasma membranes contaiin ether linkages. 

Term
Name some types of Archaea.
Definition

Methanogens (killed by oxygen, produce methane)

Halophiles ( live in extremely salty conditions)

Thermophiles (grow in very hor or very cold environments)

Term
Name some characteristics of Bacteria.
Definition

1. Contain peptidoglycan in cell wall

2. Most have plasmids present.

3. Some types do form endospores.

4. Plasma membranes contain ester linkages

5. Histones NOT present with DNA

 

Term
Name the FIVE major groups of Bacteria
Definition

1. Proteobacteria (gram-negative)
2. Cyanobacteria (gram-negative)

3. Gram-posivive bacteria

4. Chlamydias (gram-negative)

5. Spirochetes (gram-negative) 

Term

Name some examples of Bacteria in yogurt.

 

Definition

Lactobacillus casei (gram-positive)

Lactobacillus bulgaricus (gram-positive)

 

 

Term

 Name some examples of Cyanobacteria

 

Definition

Geoeocapsa (spherical shaped, photosynthetic, green bacteria that thrive in ponds)

Anabaena (can photosynthesize and fix nitrogen.)

Term
[image]
Definition
Euglena
Term
[image]
Definition
Trypanosoma
Term
[image]
Definition

Plasmodium Vivax

 

Term
[image]
Definition
Paramecium
Term
[image]
Definition
Blepharisma
Term
[image]
Definition
Dinoflagellates
Term
[image]
Definition
Diatoms
Term
[image]
Definition
Volvox
Term
This Protist is unique because it can change their feeding habits to accomadate environmental changes.
Definition
Euglena
Term
This protist causes african sleeping sickness
Definition
Trypanosoma
Term
This protist causes Cerebral Malaria
Definition
Plasmodium vivax
Term

What is a special characteristic of Blepharisma?

 

Definition

It uses cillia to move around

 

Term
What natural phenomenon do Dinoflagellates cause?
Definition

a population boom of a red-pigmented dinoflagellate results in a red tide.

 

Term
How do dinoflagellates move around?
Definition
Logitudinal flagellum acts as a rudder while the beats of the transverse flagellum moves the organism in a spinning motion.
Term
What makes diatoms the primary link in the oceans food chain?
Definition
They are photosynthetic and they reproduce rapidly.
Term
Name two commercial uses for diatioms.
Definition

toothpaste and silver polish

 

Term
What phylum are Euglena classified under?
Definition
Euglenozoa
Term
What phylum are Trypanosoma classified under?
Definition
Euglenozoa
Term
What phylum is Plasmodium vivax classified under?
Definition
Apicomplexa
Term
What phylum is Paramecium classified under?
Definition
Ciliophora
Term
What phylum are Dinoflagellates and Peridinium classified under?
Definition
Dinoflagellata
Term
What phylum are diatoms classified under?
Definition
Heterokontophyta
Term

What phylum is Volvox classified under? 

 

Definition
Chlorophyta
Term

Which organisms use Cilia?

(2)

Definition

Paramecium

Blepharisma

 

Term
Which organisms use flagella to move about?
Definition

Euglena

Trypanosoma

Dinoflagelleta 

 

Term
What organisms use pseudopodia?
Definition
Amoeba
Term
What are the phylums of the three different kinds of algae?
Definition

Phaeophyta (brown algae)

Rhodophyta (red algae)

Chlorophyta (Green algae)

Term
What is the phylum of the plasmodial slime molds?
Definition
Myxomycota
Term
[image]
Definition
Polysophonia (brown algae)
Term
[image]
Definition
Rhodymenia (green algae)
Term
[image]
Definition
Spirogyra (green algae)
Term
[image]
Definition
Ulva (sea lettuce) (green algae)
Term

Which protists are photosynthetic?

(4)

Definition

Dnoflagellates

Diatoms

Rhodophyta

Chlorophyta 

 

Term
What are fungal cell walls made out of?
Definition
Chitin
Term
What are the structures of Peziza asocarp? (describe the photo)
Definition
[image]
Term
[image]
Definition
Allomyces
Term
[image]
Definition
A zygospore
Term
[image]
Definition
sporangia
Term
[image]
Definition
Aspergillus
Term
[image]
Definition
Penicillium
Term
What phylum is allomyces classified under?
Definition
Chytridiomycota
Term
What phylum is Rhizopus classified under?
Definition
Zygomycota
Term
What phylum is aspergillus classified under?
Definition
Ascomycota
Term
What phylum is penicillium classified under?
Definition
Ascomycota (p)
Term
Describe the structures of the mushroom.
Definition
[image]
Term
What are the three growth forms of lichens?
Definition

Fruticose

Foliose

Crustose

Term
[image]
Definition
Crustose
Term
[image]
Definition
Foliose
Term
[image]
Definition
Fruiticose
Term
[image]
Definition
Shelf fungi
Term
What is an example of Zygomycota?
Definition
Bread mold
Term
In a plant, where is the egg stored?
Definition
Venter
Term
In moss, where does the gametophyte produce its sperm?
Definition
spermatogenous tissue
Term
What is the difference between gymnosperms and angiosperms?
Definition
Gymnosperms produce seeds in prtective cones, and Angiosperms produce seeds in protective fruits.
Term
What Kingdom are plants in?
Definition
Plantae
Term
What are the two main groups of plants?
Definition
vascular and nonvascular
Term
Name some examples of nonvascular plants.
Definition

Mosses

Liverworts

Hornworts

Term
What are the two types of vascular plants?
Definition
seed producing and seedless
Term
What are the two types of seedless vascular plants?
Definition
ferns and fern allies
Term
What are the two types of seed producing vascular plants?
Definition

angiosperms and gymnosperms

 

Term
What are sori?
Definition
 is a cluster of sporangia in ferns and fungi 
Term
What do ferns use for reproduction?
Definition
Spores
Term
What is the dominant generation of liverworts?
Definition
dominant gametophyte generation.
Term
What is the dominant generation of mosses?
Definition
haploid gametophyte generation.
Term
What are the main characteristics of nonvascular plants?
Definition

1. seedless, use spores for reproduction

2. lack true roots, stems and internal vascular tissue

3. dominate gametophyte generation

4. mosses, liverworts, hornworts

Term
What are the main characteristics of vascular plants?
Definition

1. dominant sporophyte generation

2. seedless: ferns and fern allies (reproduce by spores)

3. seed producing: angiosperms and gymnosperms

Term

Describe the structures of the flower. 

Stigma, Style, Ovary, Pistil, Anther, Filament, Stamen, sepal, Receptacle, Pedicel 

Definition
[image]
Term
[image]
Definition
Monocot root
Term
[image]
Definition
dicot root
Term
[image]
Definition

Monocot stem

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Dicot stem

 

Term

Know where the following structures of the bean are:

plumole, epicotyl, hypocotyl, hilum, cotyledon, seed coat, pericarp, endosperm, cotyledon, coleoptile, epicotyl, hypocotyl

Definition
[image]
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