Term
| What is an example of a Byrophyte? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of lifecycle does a Byrophyte have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What about the sporophyte of a Byrophyte? |
|
Definition
| Dependent on the gametophyte |
|
|
Term
| Female Gamepphyte of Byrophyte? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Male Gametophyte of Byrophyte? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is interesting about the life cycle of a byrophyte? |
|
Definition
| It is the first plant with alternation of generation |
|
|
Term
| What does reproduction in a byrophyte need? Why? |
|
Definition
| water because motile sperm |
|
|
Term
| Does a byrophyte grow tall? why or why not? |
|
Definition
| no, usually short in stature because no apical growth |
|
|
Term
| Does a byrophyte have roots? Why or why not? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does a byrophyte have seeds? why or why not? |
|
Definition
| no seeds because it requires water instead |
|
|
Term
| Byrophyte: Homeo or Heterosporic? |
|
Definition
| Homeo - doesnt have a m/f spore, spore just produces new gamete |
|
|
Term
| What type of growth to Pterophytes/lycophytes have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of tissue to pterophytes/lycophytes have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a Phterophyte/lycophyte? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What about the sporophyte in a pterophyte/lycophyte? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What about the gametophyte in a pterophyte/lycophyte? |
|
Definition
| it does not depend on the sporophyte |
|
|
Term
| What will the pterophyte/lycophyte look like on the slide? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What will the “tiny clover” slide of the pterophyte/lycophyte have?? |
|
Definition
| archegonica AND antheridia |
|
|
Term
| Does the pterophyte/lycophyte have roots? if not what type of structure does it have? |
|
Definition
| no roods - rizoids instead (underground stems) |
|
|
Term
| What do the sori on pterophyte/lycophytes do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do pterophytes/lycophytes need to reproduce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Derived traits of pterophyte/lycophyte? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a gymnosperm? |
|
Definition
| pine and oak and mascerated wood |
|
|
Term
| What does a gymnosperm have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of tissue does a gymnosperm have? |
|
Definition
| vascular tissue - ONLY TRAICHIDS |
|
|
Term
| What does a gymnosperm NOT have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What will the pine gymnosperm slide look like? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What will the oak gymnosperm slide look like? |
|
Definition
| long slender traichids AND short fat vessels |
|
|
Term
| What type of wood is a gymnosperm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of sporic nature are gymnosperms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does a gymnosperm produce pollen? |
|
Definition
| yes and the pollen is the male |
|
|
Term
| What are the seeds like on a gymnosperm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What about the sporophyte in a gymnosperm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What about the gametophyte in a gymnosperm? Male? female? |
|
Definition
male - found in female cone - POLLEN TUBE
female - sac surrounding the egg |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 derived characteristics of the gymosperm/what is the benefit of having seeds? |
|
Definition
can live in hotter/dryer environments
dormancy - PROTECTED SEED - CAN LAST FOR A LONG TIME
dispersal |
|
|
Term
| What is the seed of an angiosperm like? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is the angiosperm nourished? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does double fertilization produce? |
|
Definition
| tissue which is the endosperm |
|
|
Term
| What is double fertilzation? |
|
Definition
| fertilization of the egg AND the polar nuclei |
|
|
Term
| Does an angiosperm have vessel elements? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are angiosperms and what do they produce? |
|
Definition
| flowering plants - produce fruits |
|
|
Term
| What about the sporophyte in angiosperms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In angiosperms - what is the advantage of having flowers and fruits? (3) |
|
Definition
biotic pollenization
biotic dispersal
true leaves and roots |
|
|
Term
| What orientation are the flower organs and petals in monocots? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of roots does a monocot have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is in the leaves of a monocot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a derived trait of a monocot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the vascular tissue orientation in the stem of a monocot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the vascular tissue like in the root of a monocot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many pollen openings does a monocot have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| does a monocot have secondary growth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is secondary growth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is secondary growth produced? |
|
Definition
| Thru the vascular cambium |
|
|
Term
| What is the orientation of the flower organs and petals in a dicot? |
|
Definition
| arranged in multiples of 4 or 5 |
|
|
Term
| What type of roots does a dicot have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the veins like in a dicot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a derived trait of a dicot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many pollen openins does a dicot have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the vascular tissue in a root look like in a dicot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the vascular tissue like in the stem of a dicot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the vascular cambium in a dicot do? |
|
Definition
| produces ANNUAL RINGS - adds a new layer of wood each yr |
|
|
Term
| Does a dicot have secondary growth? |
|
Definition
| yes, true secondary growth |
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of plant tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 cell types of ground tissue? |
|
Definition
parenchyma
collenchyma
schlerenchyma |
|
|
Term
| What are 2 functions of the parenchyma cells in ground tissue? |
|
Definition
photosynthesis
cell growth |
|
|
Term
| What does the parenchyma cell have the ability to do? |
|
Definition
| to differentiate and create new and specialized cells and tissue |
|
|
Term
| Whare are the chloroplasts found in parenchyma cells? |
|
Definition
| found in the paliside mesophyll - LEAVES |
|
|
Term
| what is the name of the second layer of parenchyma cells in ground tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the spongey mesophyll allow for? |
|
Definition
| gas exchange and transpiration |
|
|
Term
| Where is the parenchyma found in the stem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the parenchyma found in roots? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the Collenchyma cells of ground tissue? |
|
Definition
| to provide flexibile support |
|
|
Term
| In what type of plants is collenchyma cells found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the collenchyma cells of ground tissue look like? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are the collenchyma cells of ground tissue found in the stem? |
|
Definition
| in the outside of the vascular tissue ring - cortex |
|
|
Term
| What do schlerenchyma cells have in their cell walls? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is unique about schlerenchyma cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What about the cell wall of schlerenchyma cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of schlerenchyma cells? |
|
Definition
| Schlerenchyma sclerids and schlerenchyma fivers |
|
|
Term
| Where are the schlerenchyma fibers found in ground tissue? |
|
Definition
| found around the vascular bundle |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of vascular tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two things does the xylem have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the xylem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the process that the xylem uses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the xylem create in secondary growth? |
|
Definition
| it creates the annual rings in secondary growth |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of phloem cells? |
|
Definition
| seive tube and companion cell |
|
|
Term
| What do we tap into to get syrup out of a tree? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What process does the phloem use? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is unique about the seive tubes? |
|
Definition
| they have no prganelles, they depend on the companion cell and sugar goes through them |
|
|
Term
What is unique about the companion cell?
they have every organelle possible |
|
Definition
| they have every organelle possible |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of dermal tissue? |
|
Definition
| guard cell,s some parts of fruit, seed covering |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of dermal tissue - “fuzzys” on leaves |
|
|
Term
| Do plants have an ectodermis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of tissue are root hairs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two types of dermal tissue? |
|
Definition
| Endoderm and the epidermis on leaves |
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of fungi? |
|
Definition
zygomycota
ascomycota
bacidiomycota |
|
|
Term
| What are the three terms correlated with zygomycota? |
|
Definition
zygomycota
zygoscherangium
zygosporangia |
|
|
Term
| What does the zygoscherangium produce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the zygosporangia produce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the zygosporangia look like? |
|
Definition
| black and knobbly, has pieces of hyfa on the 2 ends |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 terms related to ascomycota |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the asciocarp produce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the ascai produce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of ascomycota? |
|
Definition
| penacillin, truffles, stink bombs |
|
|
Term
| What three things does the bacidiomycota have? |
|
Definition
| bacidiocarp, bascidia and bacidiospores |
|
|
Term
| What does the bacidiocarp produce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the bacidia produce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a bacidiomygota? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of fruits? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a dry fruit? |
|
Definition
nut, lygume
capsules (cotton)
somara (maples, wind dispersed plants)
akeen (sunflower seed)
karyopsis (cereal grains) |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a fresh fruit? |
|
Definition
Droop (peach, cherry)
Berries (blueberry, banana, grapes, tomato)
Agrigate (collection of ovules from a single flower - strawberry)
multiple fruit - pineapple
pomb - apple/pear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement of water from high water potential to low (1-> -10) |
|
|
Term
| What is another term for the movement of water? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is occuring in transpiration pull? |
|
Definition
| water is being pulled out of the stoma |
|
|
Term
| What regulates transpiration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a porifera? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a way to support the hypothesis that animals originate from a single cell organisms? |
|
Definition
| chanocytes - collar cells |
|
|
Term
| What type of symmetry do porifera have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do porifera have true tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the spicules in porifera used for? |
|
Definition
| defence, support and protection |
|
|
Term
| What is unique about porifera? |
|
Definition
| they have regenerative capabilities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Theyre triloblastic so they dont have a protostome |
|
|
Term
| What type of symmetry do cnidaria have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many openings do cnidaria have? |
|
Definition
| one - so no question about mouth or anus first |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a cnidaria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 2 things will the lifecycle of cnidaria ALWAYS have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does the polyp form of a cnidaria move? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Can the medusa form of cnidaria control movement? And how do they move? |
|
Definition
| No they cannot control movement - move using water channel |
|
|
Term
| What is unique about platyhelminthes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of body form does a platyhelminthes have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does it mean if a platyhelminth is aceolomate? |
|
Definition
must be triploblastic
must be protostome |
|
|
Term
| Platyhelminthes - Male or female? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do platyhelminthes live? |
|
Definition
| aquatic or parasitic environments |
|
|
Term
| What are three living examples of the platyhelminthes? |
|
Definition
| tapeworm, flatworm, fluke |
|
|
Term
| What type of body is the nematoda? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of digestive system does the nematode have? |
|
Definition
| complete digestive system |
|
|
Term
| what is unique about the nematoda? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The shedding of the cuticle for growth |
|
|
Term
| What are the organs like in nematoda? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What about the mesoderm of the nematoda? |
|
Definition
| it is not cnnected to the endoderm |
|
|
Term
| Where can nematoda be found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are nematoda triploblastic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is unique about arthropods? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the appendages like in arthropods? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the circulatory system like in arthropds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the exoskeleton of an arthropod made of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens during arthropod growth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are arthropods triploblastic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the body cavity of an arthropod like? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does it mean for an insect to be a hexopod? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many body sections does an insect have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many sets of wings do insects have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many sets of wings are functional on an insect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of chelicerata? |
|
Definition
| spiders, ticks, scorpians, horseshoe crabs, mites |
|
|
Term
| how many body segments do chelicerata have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT do chelicerata have? |
|
Definition
| chelicera - little hand things |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of crustacea? |
|
Definition
| lobsters, crabs, rollypollys, barnicles |
|
|
Term
| How many body segments do the crustacea have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the names of the body segments in crustacea? |
|
Definition
| cepholothorax and abdomen |
|
|
Term
| What about the legs of crustacea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two examples of euranium? |
|
Definition
| millipeads and centipeads |
|
|
Term
| How many hearts do anelida have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of annelids? |
|
Definition
| segmented worms, earthworms, leeches |
|
|
Term
| What is the body cavity of the annelid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does it mean for the annelid to be ceolomate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| litrle bristles, unique to annelids that secure them in the ground aggainst predators |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of symmetry do annelids have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the digestive system like in an annelid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are annelids triploblastic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are there male and female varieties of annelids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three elements necessary for a mollusk? |
|
Definition
visceral mass
mantle cavity
muscle foot |
|
|
Term
| What is unique about the gastropod? |
|
Definition
| they have a stomach foot - they move on their belly |
|
|
Term
| what is an example of a gastropod? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the anus on a gastropod? |
|
Definition
| above the mouth between the eyes |
|
|
Term
| What is unique about bivalvia? |
|
Definition
| they have 2 halves - 2 shells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an anterior and posterior |
|
|
Term
| Do bivalvia have cephalization? |
|
Definition
| not really - have cyphons |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a cephlapoda? |
|
Definition
| squid, octopus, cuttlefish, notalus |
|
|
Term
| What is the support system of a squid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the support system of the octopus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the support system of the cuttlefish? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the support system of the notalus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of polyplacaphora? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the support system of polyplacaphora? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do polyplacaphora have cephilization? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of echinodermata? |
|
Definition
| seacucumbers, sea urchins, starfish |
|
|
Term
| Where do echinodermata live? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a derived characteristic of an echinodermata? |
|
Definition
| deuterostome - anus develops first |
|
|
Term
| What is the symmetry of a juvinille echinodermata? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of symmetry does a mature echinoderm have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does an echinoderm have cephilization? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| they have a hydrostatic or water vascular system |
|
|
Term
| do echinoderms have muscles? |
|
Definition
| no - but they have tube feet a ring canal and a radial canal |
|
|
Term
| What 4 things does a chordata have to have at some point in their life? |
|
Definition
notocord
post anal tail
dorsal hollow nerve cord
pharengeal gill slits |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a urochordata? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a unique fact about a urochordate? |
|
Definition
| it will loose 3 of the 4 characteristics |
|
|
Term
| What is the only characteristics of a chordate that a urochordate has as an adult? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHat is an example of a cephalachordata? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many of the 4 traits will a cephalachordate have as an adult? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a subphyla of the cephalachordate? |
|
Definition
| vertebrata - they have fusion of the nerve cord |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of the chonodyrichthyes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of fish are chonodyrichthyes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a derived trait of the chonodyrichthyes? |
|
Definition
cartelage in exoskeleton
and specialized scales |
|
|
Term
| What does the chonodyrichthyes have for bouyancy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the teeth of a chonodyrichthyes like? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the lateral line in a chonodyrichthyes do? |
|
Definition
| allows them to detect motion and changes in water pressure |
|
|
Term
| What is the electrical sensory system in chonodyrichthyes? |
|
Definition
| ampula - can detect heartbeat - knows if youre nervous |
|
|
Term
| How to chonodyrichthyes breathe? |
|
Definition
with their mouth open - allows water to rush over the gills and causes oxygen to diffuse
most sharks need to keep swimming to stay alive |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of the actinopterygii? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do actinopterygii have to breathe? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the actinopterygii have to stay afloat? |
|
Definition
| swim bladder for bouyancy |
|
|
Term
| Where are actinopterygii found? |
|
Definition
| any water source - arctic, antarcitc, hot springs, tropical, deep sea - etc |
|
|
Term
| What kind of egg does the reptilia have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two characteristics that reptiles have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of scull do the reptillia have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a skull with two holes besides optical and nasal holes |
|
|
Term
| What are the two benefits of having a diapsid skull? |
|
Definition
increased surface area for muscle attachment
Weight reduction |
|
|
Term
| What kind of hearts do reptilia have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of hearts are birds and reptile hearts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reptiles - endotherms or ectotherms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the subphyla of reptilia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some characteristics of Aves? |
|
Definition
endotherms
4 chambered heart
feathers and hollow bones |
|
|
Term
| What is an adaptation for flight? |
|
Definition
| hollow bones and feathers |
|
|
Term
| How many overies do reptilia have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many bladders do reptilia have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of hearts do amphibians have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the first tetrapod group? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of breathing do amphibians have? |
|
Definition
| positive pressure breathing |
|
|
Term
| What happens when amphibians grow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do amphibians reproduce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some derived characters of extant mammals (5)? |
|
Definition
What are some derived characters of extant mammals (5)
hair
large cranium
mammary glands
differential teeth
middle ear bone (stirrup) |
|
|
Term
| What makes mammals stand apart from other organisms? |
|
Definition
| middle ear bone (1 more bone than reptiles) |
|
|
Term
| Which two mammals do not have external ears? |
|
Definition
| dolphins and whales and slothes and platypus! |
|
|
Term
| Which are egg laying mammals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of sensory organ do monotremes have? |
|
Definition
| an electrical sensory organ |
|
|
Term
| What is the lost trait in monotremes? |
|
Definition
| teeth - because theyre insectivores/herbivores and they have a BEAK |
|
|
Term
| What are milk glands like in monotremes? |
|
Definition
| like sweat glands - milk seeps out of them like sweat |
|
|
Term
| What is unique about eurethra (placentals)? |
|
Definition
| LIVE BIRTH OF DEVELOPED CHILD |
|
|
Term
| What is the amniotic sac in women? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the amniotic egg in women? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do marsupials reproduce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of opening do marsupials have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do marsupials have a cloacha? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many genital openings do marsupials have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What extra bone do marsupials have? |
|
Definition
| epipubic bone - comes out from pubic bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the koallas hand - tissue not bone - only three fingers |
|
|
Term
| What is the only type of marsupial in north america? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens at birth with marsupials? |
|
Definition
| They give birth to live, underdeveloped offspring |
|
|
Term
| What do marsupial offspring attach to in the pouch after birth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the first group to have a teet? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some functions of epithelial tissue? |
|
Definition
forms skin of many mammals
lines certain organs for absorption |
|
|
Term
| On which two organs can epithelial tissue be found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of keratin in epithelial tissue? |
|
Definition
| makes skin resistant to water loss |
|
|
Term
| What are the types of animal tissues (4)? |
|
Definition
Epithelial
muscle
connective
nervous |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of epithelial tissue? |
|
Definition
| Covers body surfaces and lines body cavities |
|
|
Term
| What are the cell shapes of epithelial tissue (4)? |
|
Definition
squamous
cubiodal
columnar
transitional |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of connective tissue? |
|
Definition
| binds and supports body parts |
|
|
Term
| Where is connective tissue found (3)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of muscular tissue? |
|
Definition
| Enables movement of structures within the body and movement of the entire person/animal |
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of muscular tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is skeletal muscle tissue located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of skeletal muscle tissue? |
|
Definition
| it aids in “voluntary” functions (eg walking) |
|
|
Term
| Where is cardiac muscle tissue found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of cardiac muscle tissue? |
|
Definition
| it aids in pumping blood around the body |
|
|
Term
| Whee is smooth muscle tissue located? |
|
Definition
| around the walls of many internal structures such as the stomach and intestines |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of smooth muscle tissue? |
|
Definition
| aiding the passage of materials/fluids through those structures. |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of nervous tissue? |
|
Definition
| Enables responses to stimuli and coordinates bodily functions |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of cells in nervous tissue? |
|
Definition
| Nerve cells (neurons) and neurogilia |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of nerve cells in nervous tissue? |
|
Definition
| to transmit (electrical) nerve impulses that move information around the body |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of neroglia in nervous tissue? |
|
Definition
| support and protect nerve cells, depending on the particular type of glia. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| layer of photoreceptors in the back of the inner eye |
|
|
Term
| Where are rods and cones found in the eye? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the central fovea of the retina? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The area of the eye where blood vessels and optic nerves enter or leave the retina |
|
|
Term
| Where is the cornea located in the eye? |
|
Definition
| it is the outermost layer |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the cornea in the eye? |
|
Definition
| to focus the light that comes into our eyes |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the outer layer of the cornea? |
|
Definition
| to act as a sheild to the elements and can usually repair itself in a few days |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the inner layer of the cornea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the pupil? |
|
Definition
| To monitor the amount of light that enters the eye |
|
|
Term
| What happens to the pupil when there is a lot of light? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to the pupil when there is little light? |
|
Definition
| it expands to let in as much light as possible |
|
|
Term
| What is the iris of the eye? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the iris of the eye? |
|
Definition
| It is a muscle that helps to control the size of the pupil |
|
|
Term
| Where is the lens located in the eye? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the lens? |
|
Definition
| it allows the eye to focus |
|
|
Term
| How does the lens of the eye work? |
|
Definition
| it becomes thicker or thinner in order to help the eye focus and readjust |
|
|
Term
| What is the vitreous humor in the eye? |
|
Definition
| the gel-like substance that helps keep the eye in the ball shape |
|
|
Term
| What is the sclera of the eye? |
|
Definition
| the white part of the eye |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the sclera in the eye? |
|
Definition
| to provide strength structure and protection for the eye |
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of bacteria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does bacillus bacteria look like? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does coccus bacteria look like? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does spirillum bacteria look like? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a gram positive stain mean? |
|
Definition
| thick cell wall, retains purple dye |
|
|
Term
| What does a gram negative stain mean? |
|
Definition
| thin cell wall, two layers, does not retain dye. Antibiotic resistant |
|
|
Term
| What does the stain on a slide adhere to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is logistical growth? |
|
Definition
| the population growth decreases with the increasing amount of individuals |
|
|
Term
| What happens to the logiscital growth rate when the population reaches its maximum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is exponential growth? |
|
Definition
| the population keeps growing without a limit |
|
|
Term
| What is the birth rate in a population? |
|
Definition
| the ratio of live births to the population of a certain area |
|
|
Term
| What is the death rate in a population? |
|
Definition
| the ratio of deaths to the population of a certain area |
|
|
Term
| What is the carrying capacity in a population? |
|
Definition
| the maximum population that an ecosystem can carry |
|
|
Term
| What three things affect genetic diversity? |
|
Definition
crossing over
random fertilization
independent assortment |
|
|
Term
| when does crossing over occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when does random fertilizaiton occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does independent assortment occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process of cell division, results in two cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process of cell division, results in 4 cells |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of mitosis? |
|
Definition
| cellular reproduction and general growth and repair of the body |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of meiosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which process produces genetically identical cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the steps of mitosis? |
|
Definition
| Interphase prophase metaphase anaphase telophase cytokinesis |
|
|
Term
| What are the steps of meiosis? |
|
Definition
| Interphase, Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II and Telophase II. |
|
|
Term
| When does karyokinesis occur in meiosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does karyokinesis occur in mitosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does cytokinesis occur in mitosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does cytokinesis occur in meiosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When do the centromeres split in mitosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When do the centromeres split in meiosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the assumptions of hardy Weinberg (5)? |
|
Definition
1. Mating is random
2. No mutations are arising
3. No gene flow
4. No natural selection
5. Population size is infinitely large |
|
|
Term
| What is the hardy Weinberg equation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the allele frequency in a population? |
|
Definition
| Allele or gene frequency is the percentage of all alleles at a given locus in a population gene pool represented by a particular allele. |
|
|
Term
| What are the four types of natural selection? |
|
Definition
directional
stabilizing
disruptive
balancing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process by which an animal or plant becomes fitted to its environment. It is the result of natural selection acting on inherited variation. |
|
|
Term
| What is natural selection? |
|
Definition
| is the gradual process by which biological traits become either more or less common in a population as a function of the effect of inherited traits on the differential reproductive success of organisms interacting with their environment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when two or more clearly different phenotypes exist in the same population of a species—in other words, the occurrence of more than one form or morph. In order to be classified as such, morphs must occupy the same habitat at the same time and belong to a panmictic population |
|
|
Term
| What does monophyletic mean? |
|
Definition
| a group of organisms descended from a common evolutionary ancestor or ancestral group, especially one not shared with any other group. |
|
|
Term
| What does paraphyletic mean? |
|
Definition
| a group of organisms descended from a common evolutionary ancestor or ancestral group, but not including all the descendant groups. |
|
|
Term
| What does polyphyletic mean? |
|
Definition
| a group of organisms derived from more than one common evolutionary ancestor or ancestral group and therefore not suitable for placing in the same taxon. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An ancestral or primitive character |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A trait which characterises an ancestral species and its descendants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| similarities between two species that evolved independently from different features in their common ancestor. |
|
|
Term
| What is divergent evolution |
|
Definition
| the accumulation of differences between groups which can lead to the formation of new species, usually a result of diffusion of the same species to different and isolated environments |
|
|
Term
| What is convergent evolution? |
|
Definition
| the process whereby organisms not closely related (not monophyletic), independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments or ecological niches. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a group characterised by one or more homeoplaisys |
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|
