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| Alternation of Generations |
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Definition
| When both haploid and diploid stages are multicellular -- A lifecycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form (the sporophyte) and a multicellular haploid form (the gametophyte); characteristics of plants and some algae. |
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| A flowering plant, which forms seeds inside a protective chamber - the ovary. |
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| absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water |
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| waxy covering on surface of stems, resists dessication |
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| cells having two copies of each chromosome, one from mom and one from dad. human diploid cells have 46 chromosomes |
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| new developing individual |
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| a haploid cell, such as egg or sperm. they unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote. |
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| the multicellular haploid form that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation. |
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| a unicellular or multicellular protist that has grassgreen chloroplasts. (photosynthetic) |
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| a vascular plant that bears naked seeds; seeds are not enclosed in specialized chambers |
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| cells having one copy of each chromosome. egg and sperm are examples. human haploid cells have 23 chromosomes |
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| lignified vascular tissue |
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Definition
| lignified is when there is a hard material embedded in the cellulose of matrix of vascular plant cell walls |
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| a two stage type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell |
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| plant tissue that remains embryonic as long as the plant lives, allowing for indeterminate growth. |
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| a way of dividing up chromosomes so the cell ends up with two sets of chromosomes identical to the original set. |
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| the structure that contains the male gametophyte of the seed plants |
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| an adaptation for terrestrial plants consisting of an embryo packaged along with a store of food within a resistant coat. |
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| in the lifecycle of algae, a meiotically produced haploid cell that divides meiotically, generating a multicellular individual, the gametophyte, without fusing with another cell. |
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| plant tissue consisting of cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body |
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| the diploid product of the union of haploid gametes in conception; a fertilized egg. |
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| How is a moss "leaf" similar to a flowering plant's leaf? How is it different? |
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Definition
| Mosses don't have a cuticle, spores, etc, |
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Term
| When you're looking at moss, what is haploid? What's diploid? |
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Definition
Haploid: spores, protonema, male gametophyte, antheridia/archegonia
Diploid: fertilization..zygote, embryo, sporophyte, female gametophytes |
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| an assemblage of fruits in which the fleshy parts are derived largely or entirely from tissues other than the ovary. |
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| Which life cycle stage is bigger and longer lived in mosse? Sporophyte or Gametophyte? Is this stage haploid or diploid? |
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| A structure polysaccharide of an amino sugar found in many fungi and in exoskeletons of all arthopods. ---> Strengthens fungal cell walls. |
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| an organism that obtains food molecules by eating organisms or by their byproducts |
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| a fungi mycelium formed by the fusion of two hyphae that have genetically different nuclei - contains multiple genetically distinct haploid nuclei from two different hyphae. |
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| long thin filaments, consists of tubular cell walls surrounding the plasma membrane and cytoplasm of cells. |
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| pairs of haploid nuclei fuse, forming diploid nuclei |
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| The symbiotic collective formed by the mutualistic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic alga or cyanobacterium. |
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| a rapidly growing fungus that reproduces asexually by producing spores |
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| mutualistic association of plant roots and fungi. |
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| network of hyphae in a fungus, infiltrats the material on which the fungus feeds. |
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| The fusion of two different haploid cells without the fusion of nuclei |
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| pericarp is thin, not fused to seed |
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| in an angiosperm, the terminal pollen sac of a stamen, where pollen grains containing sperm producing male gametophytes form. |
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| in plants, the male gametangium, a moist chamber in which the gametes develop. |
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| embryonic plant tissue in the tips of the roots and buds of shoots. the dividing cells of it enable the plant to grow in length. |
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| a saclike spore capsule located at the tip of a dikaryotic hypha of a sac fungus. |
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the ovule producing reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary.
They make megaspores and their products (female gametophytes) |
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| a modified leaf in angiosperms that helps enclose and protect a flower bud before it opens. |
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| the base of a flower, the part of the stem that is the site of attachment of the floral organs. |
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| leads from the sigma to ovary |
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| consists of a mature ovary, but includes other flower parts as well. |
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| an angiosperm structure specialized for sexual reproduction |
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| produce microspores that develop into pollen grains containing male gametophytes |
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Definition
| one sperm fertilizes the central cell, and the other fertilizes the egg cell. in turn, this produces a zygote and the other produces a triploid cell. |
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| when the zygote develops into a sporophyte embryo with a rudimentary root and one or two seed leves. |
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| tissue rich in starch and other food reserves that nourish the developing embryo. |
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| What is the function of double fertilization in angiosperms? |
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Definition
| its an adaptation that prevents flowering plants from squandering nutrients on infertile ovules. |
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| single celled fungus that reproduces asexually by binary fission or by the pinching of small buds off a parental cell; some species exhibit cell fusion between different mating types. |
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| the union of the cytoplasms of two parent mycelia |
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| "different nuclei"; a heterokaryon is a fungal mcelium that contains two or more haploid nuclei per cell. |
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| "two nuclei"; fungal mycelium with two haploid nuclei per cell, one from each parent. |
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| term for a fungus that grows as a filamentous fungus, producing haploid spores by mitosis and forming a visible mycelium. |
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Definition
| the haploid nuclei contributed by two parents fuse, producing DIPLOID cells. |
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| fungi in the phylum Ascomycota - uniqueness: production of sexual spores in saclike asci; usually called sac fungi |
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| in phylum Basidiomycota. it derives from basidium (a cell in which karyogamy occurs followed immediately by mitosis)..also known as club fungus...produces basidiocarps (elaborate fruiting bodies) |
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| symbiotic association between a photosynthetic microorganism and a fungus in which millions of photosynthetic cells are held in a mass of fungal hyphae. |
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| in zygomycete fungi, a sturdy multinucleate structure in which karyogamy and meoisis occur. |
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| elaborate fruiting body of dikaryotic mycelium of a club fungus |
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| a cylinder of meristematic tissue in woody plants that replaces the epidermis with thicker, tougher, cork cells. |
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| the innermost of the 3 primary germ layers in animal embryos |
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| older layers of secondary xylem, closer to the center of a stem or root, that no longer transport xylem sap. |
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Definition
| the symbiotic collective formed by the mutualistic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic alga or cyanobacterium . |
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Definition
| the female gamete, the haploid, unfertilized eff which is usually a relatively large nonmotile cell. |
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| a structure that develops within the ovary of a seed plant and contains the female gametophyte. |
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Definition
| in zygomycete fungi, a sturdy multinucleate structure in which karyogamy and meoisis occur. |
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