Term
| how do you use polymorphic DNA to identify a specific person? |
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Definition
| polymorphic DNA are regions that are very different person to person. -- looking at a bunch of these can id. a person. |
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Term
| what is the point of lysing criminal samples? |
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Definition
| breaks the cell membrane to get the DNA out |
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Term
| why is PCR-DNA id system better than RFLP? |
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Definition
takes a shorter amount of time and less DNA to use than RFLP.
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Term
| denaturation stage of PCR |
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Definition
| templace DNA strands are denatured at 94C |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA sample cooled to a medium temperature to allow hybridization of the two primers, one to each template DNA strand. |
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Term
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Definition
| temperature raised to 72C and Taq polymerase adds nucleotides to the primers - completes synthesis |
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Term
| what is the difference between VNTR (variable number of tandem repeats) and STR (short tandem repeats)? |
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Definition
| STR has 2-4 base-pair repeats, whereas VNTR has up to 100 |
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Term
| what are three things that determine the direction of diffusion? |
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Definition
| concentration, heat, pressure |
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Term
| define: differentially permeable membrane |
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Definition
| a membrane which will allow some molecules/ions through and not others. |
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Term
| what kind of molecule travels through a membrane most easily? |
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Definition
| small, nonpolar molecules |
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Term
| what is the difference between diffusion and osmosis? |
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Definition
| osmosis is diffusion, but ONLY refers to WATER. |
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Term
| hypertonic/hypotonic/isotonic |
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Definition
hypertonic: little water, lots of solute (high concentration)
hypotonic: lots of water, little solute (low concentation)
isotonic: equal concentrations of water and solute |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| why is taq polymerase thermostable, and what does that mean? |
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Definition
| thermostable: stable at very high temperatures; it was derived from bacteria in hotsprings |
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Term
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Definition
| an enzyme that assists in the extension of the DNA molecule in PCR |
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Term
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Definition
| a small sequence of DNA that binds to DNA strands you want to analyze to help amplify them |
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Term
| what happens to x-gal in the presence of beta-galactosidase? |
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Definition
| converted to a blue product |
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Term
| what does the lac-Z gene contain? |
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Definition
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Term
| when does the dark phase of photosynthesis happen and why? |
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Definition
| mostly at night and somewhat in the day, because it requires the exchange of gasses, which doesn't happen during the day because the plant blocks its pores to avoid losing moisture. |
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Term
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Definition
- nuclear membrane disintigrates
- DNA forms into paired chromatids
- centrosomes send out spindle fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the double chromatids and line them up at the center of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| spindle fibers are pulled by the centrosomes and pull apart the duplicate chromatids, one duplicate to each side |
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Term
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Definition
new nuclear membranes form
chromasomes unravel
- get ready for the beginning of cytokinesis |
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Term
| cytokinesis (plant vs. animal) |
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Definition
plant: cell membrane grows between the two replicated cells
animal: cleavage furrow forms and eventually seperates the two cells. |
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