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Definition
| the gamete-producing and usually haploid phase, producing the zygote from which the sporophyte arises |
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| the asexual and usually diploid phase, producing spores from which the gametophyte arises. It is the dominant form in vascular plants, e.g., the frond of a fern. |
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| a reproductive cell capable of developing into a new individual without fusion with another reproductive cell |
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| an inert, tough polymer forming the resistant outer coat of a pollen grain or spore |
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| a receptacle in which asexual spores are formed |
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| a diploid cell in certain spore-bearing plants, as liverworts, that produces four haploid spores through meiosis; a spore mother cell. |
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the female sex organ in mosses, liverworts, ferns, and most conifers.
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| the male sex organ of algae, mosses, ferns, fungi, and other nonflowering plants. |
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| the outer layer of living tissue, in particula |
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| a stoma (also stomate; plural stomata) is a tiny opening or pore that is used for gas exchange. They are mostly found on the under-surface of plant leaves |
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| a mutualistic association between a fungus (Myco) and the roots (rhiza) of the plants |
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| a filamentous outgrowth or root hair on the underside of the thallus in some lower plants, especially mosses and liverworts, serving both to anchor the plant and (in terrestrial forms) to conduct water. |
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a plant body that is not differentiated into stem and leaves and lacks true roots and a vascular system. Thalli are typical of algae, fungi, lichens, and some liverworts.
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| Producing spores of one kind only that are not differentiated by sex. The spores of homosporous plants, such as horsetails and most ferns, grow into bisexual gametophytes (producing both male and female gametes). |
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Definition
| producing two different kinds of spores |
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| the part of the ovary of seed plants that contains the female germ cell and after fertilization becomes the seed |
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a tough outer protective layer, especially that of an animal or plant.
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| the act of transferring pollen grains from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma |
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| A flower having sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils is complete; lacking one or more of such structures, it is said to be incomplete. Stamens and pistils are not present together in all flowers. |
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Definition
| A flower having all four floral parts: sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. |
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each of the branching filaments that make up the mycelium of a fungus.
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| the vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of a network of fine white filaments (hyphae) |
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| hyphae are divided into cells by internal cross-walls called "septa" |
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| an organism made up of a multinucleate, continuous mass of protoplasm enclosed by one cell wall, as in some algae and fungi. |
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| a stage in the sexual reproduction of fungi, in which the cytoplasm of two parent cells (usually from the mycelia) fuses together without the fusion of nuclei, effectively bringing two haploid nuclei close together in the same cell. |
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| a cell containing two or more nuclei of differing genetic constitutions. |
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| Cells or compartments containing such a pair of closely associated compatible nuclei |
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| is the final step in the process of fusing together two haploid eukaryotic cells, and refers specifically to the fusion of the two nuclei. |
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| a spore of certain algae, fungi, and protozoans, capable of swimming by means of a flagellum |
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Definition
| a sporangium or spore case in which zoospores develop. |
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| the sac in ascomycetes in which the sexual spores are formed. |
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| is the fruiting body (sporocarp) of an ascomycete phylum fungus |
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| a spore produced asexually by various fungi at the tip of a specialized hypha. |
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| a spore produced by a basidium. |
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| is a papery hymenophore rib under the cap of some mushroom species |
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| the umbrella-like head of a mushroom or other fungus; pileus; also called cap |
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| the presence of parasitic fungi in or on any part of the body |
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| an embryo at the stage following the blastula, when it is a hollow cup-shaped structure having three layers of cells. |
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| an animal embryo at the early stage of development when it is a hollow ball of cells. |
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| the innermost layer of cells or tissue of an embryo in early development, or the parts derived from this, which include the lining of the gut and associated struct |
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| the outermost layer of cells or tissue of an embryo in early development, or the parts derived from this, which include the epidermis and nerve tissue. |
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| a series of tiny pores all over the body of a sponge |
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Definition
| a large aperture in a sponge through which water is expelled. |
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| is the large, central cavity of sponges. |
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| a flagellated cell with a collar of protoplasm at the base of the flagellum, numbers of which line the internal chambers of sponges. |
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Definition
| A needlelike structure or part, such as one of the mineral structures supporting the soft tissue of certain invertebrates, especially sponges |
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Definition
| is the gelatinous matrix within a sponge |
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Definition
| is a mobile cell (moving like an amoeba) in the body of invertebrates such as echinoderms, mollusks, tunicates or sponges |
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| a solitary or colonial sedentary form of a coelenterate such as a sea anemone, typically having a columnar body with the mouth uppermost surrounded by a ring of tentacles. In some species, polyps are a phase in the life cycle that alternates with a medusoid phase. |
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Definition
| a free-swimming sexual form of a coelenterate such as a jellyfish, typically having an umbrella-shaped body with stinging tentacles around the edge. In some species, medusae are a phase in the life cycle that alternates with a polypoid phase. |
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Definition
| is also called the "stinging cell". in jelly fish. |
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Definition
| a specialized cell in the tentacles of a jellyfish or other coelenterate, containing a barbed or venomous coiled thread that can be projected in self-defense or to capture prey. |
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| a free-swimming coelenterate larva with a flattened, ciliated, solid body. |
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| are those corals in the order Scleractinia which build reefs by depositing hard calcareous material for their skeletons, forming the stony framework of the reef |
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