Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Bio II Exam # 3
Studyguide for Exam 3
53
Biology
Undergraduate 1
05/03/2012

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Quantitative Traits
Definition
one characteristic that varies along a continuum
Term
Quantitative Traits
Definition
fur color, height
Term
Quantitative Traits
Definition
a trait which results from polygenic inheritance, in which a phenotype is influenced by multiple genes
Term
Discrete Traits
Definition
a characteristic that had two distinct phenotypic outcomes
Term
Discrete Traits
Definition
flower color, wrinkled vs. smooth peapods
Term
Discrete Traits
Definition
usually determined at a single locus by two allele types which exert different influences over the phenotype
Term
Polymorphic Traits
Definition
two or more discrete traits or "morphs" which are present in the same population
Term
Polymorphic Traits
Definition
Freckles, blood types
Term
Hardy-Weinburg Equilibrium
Definition
based on a theoretic "non-evolving" population, used to establish a baseline in order to judge a populations evolution rate
Term
5 Characteristics of the Hardy-Weinburg Equilibrium
Definition
1. no mutations
2. no large populations
3. no sexual selection
4. no natural selection
5. no gene flow
Term
Genetic Drift
Definition
When changes in gene frequecy occur from one generation to the next due to chance events
Term
Bottleneck Effect
Definition
When the number of individuals in a population is greatly reduced by natural disaster, and the number of alleles is skewed based on the few individuals who survived
Term
Founder Effect
Definition
when a small section of the population gets seperated from the larger population, decreasing the ammount of genotypes
Term
Classifications
Definition
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Term
Hardy-Weinburg Allele Frequency Equation
Definition
p+q=1
Term
Hardy-Weinburg genotypic Frequency Equation
Definition
p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
Term
Natural Selection types
Definition
Stabilizing, directional, diversifying
Term
Stabilizing Selection
Definition
the extremes are selected against, leaving the neutral, middle option to flourish
Term
Directional Selection
Definition
one extreme is selected against, skewing the curve to one side or the other
Term
Diversifying Selection
Definition
the neutral population is selected against, allowing the extremes to flourish
Term
Sexual Selection types
Definition
Intersexual and Intrasexual
Term
Intersexual Selection
Definition
a female chooses a male based on qualities or displays percieved to indicate strong genes
Term
Intrasexual Selection
Definition
Males of a species fight for control of a group of females- not as controlled because beta males sneak into the group and reproduce
Term
Intersexual Selection Example
Definition
Peacocks, Red-winged black birds, bower birds, mocking birds
Term
Intrasexual Selection Example
Definition
Lions, elephants
Term
Stabilizing Selection example
Definition
The neutral colored mice better blend in with their enviroment, so the light and dark mice are eaten more often
Term
Diversifying Selection example
Definition
The medium sized giraffes are poached because their pelts are ideal sizes, so the tall and short giraffes are left alone
Term
Directional Selection Example
Definition
The short giraffes all die off because they aren't able to eat the healthiest leaves
Term
Artificial Selection
Definition
humans choose for the animals
Term
Artificial Selection Example
Definition
Dog breeders, horse breeders
Term
5 Observations
Definition
limiting resources, tremendous fecundity, stable population sizes, variation, heritible traits
Term
Inference
Definition
If there is tremendous fecundity, there will be a limitng number of resources, so only a few offspring will be able to survive and pass on their characteristics (Survival of the fittest)
Term
Invertibrates
Definition
slowly evolved by coming onto land for a short period of time
Term
Horse Shoe Crab
Definition
Book lung- allowed it to breathe under water and on land
Term
Invertibrates
Definition
Had to be moist to breathe and function
Term
water-tight exoskeletons
Definition
scorpions
Term
Geographic Variation
Definition
traits dependant on geographic habitat when the species has a large range
Term
Geographic variation example
Definition
The further north you go, the larger the black bears are
Term
Covergent Evolution
Definition
same characteristics evolve from different ancestoral lines
Term
Example of Convergent Evolution
Definition
Austrailia Vs. America: Marsupial wolves vs. wolves
Term
Cline
Definition
a continuum with an infinite number of variations: fur color
Term
1st land vertibrates
Definition
Amphibians
Term
Amphibians had 2 things that allowed them to inhabit land:
Definition
Lungs and Limbs
Term
Lungs
Definition
double circulation system evolved: systemic and pulmonary
Term
Limbs
Definition
evolved from lobed-fin fish
Term
Viviparous
Definition
retain eggs in body
Term
Order Anura
Definition
frogs/toads
Term
Order Urodelids
Definition
salamanders, sirens, newts
Term
Order Apoda
Definition
legless salamanders
Term
paedomorphic
Definition
dont choose to fully metamorphize and remain in semi-larval state for entire life
Term
amniotic eggs
Definition
shelled with yolk for food
Term
Order Chelonia
Definition
Turtles
Term
Order Squamata
Definition
snakes
Supporting users have an ad free experience!