Term
| Which biological molecule do viroids and retroviruses use store and transmit genetic information? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which statement regarding nucleotides is true? |
|
Definition
| Nucleic acids are formed by joining nucleotides together |
|
|
Term
| DNA contains the purines ______, while RNA contains the pyrimidines ______. |
|
Definition
| Adenine and guanine/ cytosine and uracil |
|
|
Term
| ______ are the nitrogenous bases found in DNA, whereas _______ are the nitrogenous bases found in RNA |
|
Definition
| adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine/ adenine, cytosine, guanine, uracil |
|
|
Term
| You recently isolated a double-stranded DNA molecule with 1000 purines and 1000 pyrimidines. This molecule could consist of precisely - |
|
Definition
| 1000 guanine and 1000 cytosine nucleotides |
|
|
Term
| Which property of the DNA molecule allows cells to recognize DNA damage and repair this damage? |
|
Definition
| the ability of complementary base pairs to interact by forming hydrogen bonds |
|
|
Term
| Which bases form the hydrogen bonds that enable the two strands of the double helix to bind to one another so effectively? |
|
Definition
| Adenine forms 2 bonds with thymine, and guanine forms 3 bonds with cytosin |
|
|
Term
| If one strand of a DNA molecule has a nucleotide sequence of 5'ATGCCCGCTTAAGGTCCAT3', then its complementary strand must have the sequence - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
TRUE or FALSE?
Some of our hormones are triacylglycerols (triglycerides) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In all single-cell species and multi-cell species, which molecule stores the exact sequence of amino acids in every protein and the exact sequence of nucleotides in every specialized RNA molecule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the unique function of polynucleotides? |
|
Definition
| The storage and transmission of genetic information |
|
|
Term
| Why do all known single-cell and multi-cell species store and transmit their genetic instructions in one specific type of biological molecule? |
|
Definition
| this molecule is stable due to its double-stranded nature |
|
|
Term
| Is the storage of excess food energy an essential function of RNA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of biological molecule generally must fold into a specific, complex 3-dimensional structure after it is made in order to become biologically-active/ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fever is induced in response to the detection of some pathogens (disease-causing agents). How could the fever response possibly deactivate some of the disease-causing proteins that pathogens produce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a direct result of improper protein foldign? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is DNA localized within most human cell types? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Specific protein/DNA interactions are essential for life to occur. The surface of a protein that binds directly to DNA might exhibit which characteristic? |
|
Definition
| Positive electrical charge |
|
|
Term
| We discussed the relationship between the size of a carbohydrate and its function. Would glycogen be a good candidate to be distributed to all of the cells in the body of a large organism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| We discussed the relationship between the size of a carbohydrate and its function. Which carbohydrate stored in our muscle cells and liver cells would decline in concentration after we participated in three hours of demanding physical activity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
We discussed the relationship between the size of a carbohydrate and its function. TRUE or FALSE:
Carbohydrates can be imported into cells and exported from cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
We discussed the relationship between the size of a carbohydrate and its function. TRUE or FALSE:
Chitin is used to provide structural support in many animal species |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A mutant plant recently was identified that is extremely short due to a lack structural support. Which carbohydrate probably is affected in this mutant plant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why do so many cultures include specific types of plant foods with every meal? |
|
Definition
| It provides a complete set of essential amino acids |
|
|
Term
| Which biological molecule, when it is improperly folded, has been linked to some neurodegenerative disorders? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following generally is not a primary function of proteins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why does the structure of a protein largely determine its function? |
|
Definition
| Structure determines the ability to interact with other molecules |
|
|
Term
| A child lacks two essential amino acids in her diet. What is one probable result of this type of malnutrition? |
|
Definition
| Protein synthesis would be compromised |
|
|
Term
| Which group of monomers do our cells use to form polypeptides? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does the hydrophobic effect relate to the assembly of some biological structures? |
|
Definition
| it allows some types of molecules to the lipid bilayer |
|
|
Term
| Which specific type of biological molecules interact with one another, in the presence of water, to form a lipid bilayer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which statement regarding lipids is true? |
|
Definition
| Lipids generally have a uniform electrical charge distribution that prevents them from interacting with hydrophilic water molecules |
|
|
Term
| Which specific biological molecule is specialized to store excess food energy effectively? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A malnourished child that lacks the substrates (molecular building blocks) to synthesize some lipids could have a diet insufficient in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which characteristic makes ribozymes such potentially attractive pharmaceuticals? |
|
Definition
| Degrading RNA with a specific nucleotide sequence |
|
|
Term
| We discussed how malnutrition can result from the lack of one or more essential nutrients. Which disorder results from the absence of the essential amino acid tryptophan? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is a totipotent somatic cell recognized as a major group of stem cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why type of stem cell is totipotent/ |
|
Definition
| Embryonic (before or at the 8-cell embryo stage) |
|
|
Term
TRUE or FALSE:
A function of the adult stem cell in the human body is to replace embryonic cells lost due to injury |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Among the types of stem cells we discussed, which type should be used to study how a single cell develops into an organism? |
|
Definition
| Embryonic (before or at the 8-cell stage) |
|
|
Term
TRUE or FALSE:
Stem cell niches in the human body probably help to maintain adult stem cells in an unspecialized state and respond effectively to Go-Signals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| We discussed the cell theory in class. Which statement does not apply to the cell theory? |
|
Definition
| Cells form some multi-cell species and viruses |
|
|
Term
| We discussed the types of tissues that interact to form animals and those that interact to form plants. Which type of tissue in animals and which type of tissue in plants cover all surfaces exposed to the environment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| We discussed the internal structures that exist within prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. What is one difference between the internal structures within prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells |
|
Definition
| Micro-compartments in prokaryotes are surrounded by a protein shell, whereas the organelles in eukaryotes are surrounded by a membrane |
|
|
Term
| Prions, viroids, and viruses are pathogens (disease-causing agents) that typically are smaller than prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. Why aren't these pathogens considered the most fundamental units in life? |
|
Definition
| They cannot obtain and use energy, repair, or reproduce independently |
|
|
Term
| Which specialized, internal structures within eukaryotic cells are specialized to perform specific biochemical functions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The human body regulates the cell cycle of its adult stem cell populations with great precision. TRUE or FALSE:
The continuous production of Go-Signals is an effective cell cycle regulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The human body regulates the cell cycle with great precision. Why must our bodies regulate the cell cycle with such precision? |
|
Definition
-The activity of all 220 cell types must be coordinated to serve the body's overall needs
-The loss of cell cycle control could result in cancer
-Our adult stem cells must only divide when it serves the overall needs of the body
-A loss of cell cycle control could prevent the proper repair of injured cells and tissues |
|
|
Term
| The human body regulates the cell cycle with great precision. Which mechanism evaluates critical biochemical events at specific points in the cell cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How will a newly formed cell in the G1 phase respond when it does not recognize a Go-Signal? |
|
Definition
| This cell will exit the cell cycle and enter the G0 phase |
|
|
Term
| In an adult stem cell, the activation of the G2 checkpoint resulted in the correction of a critical biochemical error. What is the next step for this adult stem cell after correcting this error? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The human body instructs a specific population of adult stem cells to divide when a new supply of cells is required. How do our bodies accomplish this? |
|
Definition
| Go-Signals and their receptors |
|
|
Term
| In order for the human body to grow, develop, repair, and reproduce its trillions of cells must be able to communicate effectively with one another. Is DNA polymerase involved in cell signaling (cell to cell communication) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The hydrophobic, steroid hormones estrogen and testosterone are Go-Signals for some cell types in the human body. How are these hydrophobic hormones recognized by the proper target cells int he body? |
|
Definition
| Receptors within the cell |
|
|
Term
| In order to maintain proper cell cycle regulation, the cyclin proteins must be degraded after activating the proper cyclin-dependent kinase. How do our cells degrade the cyclin proteins, and other proteins, in a regulated matter? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An adult stem cell no longer requires a "Go-Signal" to divide. What is one possible cause? |
|
Definition
| A tyrosine Kinase Receptor is constantly activated |
|
|
Term
| A population of adult stem cells in a specific stem cell niche responds to a specific "Go Signal". This "Go-Signal" is a large, hydrophilic protein. Where would the receptor for this "Go-Signal" be localized? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of a nucleotide sequence that contains the information to make a specific polypeptide or specialized RNA molecule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which event enables our adult stem cells to pass through G1 (Gap 1) restriction point checkpoint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which part of an eukaryotic gene determines the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide the gene encodes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A cell has a lethal defect that prevents it from making the short, complementary RNA primer molecule that is required for DNA replication to occur. Which componenet of DNA replication must be defective? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which enzyme preserves the integrity of the information stored in the genes located at the ends of our DNA molecules/chromosomes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which nucleotide sequence is not part of an eukaryotic gene? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mitotic Cell division is necessary for which essential processes to occur in multi-cell species? |
|
Definition
-Defense against foreign invaders (pathogens and parasites)
-Growth
-Renewal of older tissues
-Replacement of damaged cells and tissue |
|
|
Term
| We discussed the phases of mitosis and how they relate to the proper delivery of a complete set of chromosomes to each daughter cell. During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelop (membrane) disassemble so the chromosome can begin to interact with the microtubules of the spindle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
TRUE or FALSE:
Regarding competitive inhibition of enzyme activity, inhibitors bind to the active site |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
TRUE or FALSE:
Enzymes are absolutely essential for life to occur by reducing activation energy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which types of biological molecules form the enzymes that enable cells to coordinate and execute all of their required chemical reactions with such remarkable precision? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| We discussed the remarkable properties of enzymes. A specific enzyme increases what? |
|
Definition
| The rate of a specific chemical reaction |
|
|
Term
| The activity of a specific enzyme is directly regulated by the concentration of the product molecule it generates. This is an example of ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| We discussed some of the mechanisms that cells use to reversibly and rapidly regulate enzyme activity. Non-competitive inhibition is an example of which type of regulation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A child's diet lacks some minerals (iron, calcium, magnesium). How could this mineral deficiency cause malnutrition? |
|
Definition
| These minerals could be cofactors |
|
|
Term
| The lack of which vitamin(s) in the diet would prevent some of the enzymes that modify carbohydrates from functioning? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some of the health concerns currently associated with stem cell-based therapies? |
|
Definition
-Adult stem cells injected into a patient could divide in an uncontrolled manner
-Adult stem cells injected into a patient could result in cancer
-Adult stem cells injected into a patient could result in an undesirable immune systemresponse
-Induced pluripotent stem cells (IPS) injected into a patient could result in an undesirable immune system response or cancer |
|
|
Term
| We discussed the contributions that mitosis and cytokinesis make to mitotic cell division. consider a cell that completes mitosis but cannot comp,ete cytokinesis. How would the failure of cytokinesis affect the total number of chromosomes in the nucleus? |
|
Definition
| There would be twice the number of chromosomes compared to a cell that completed cytokinesis |
|
|
Term
| Which process enables the production of haploid (1N) gametes from diploid (2N) cells in sexually-reproducing individuals? |
|
Definition
| Meiotic cell division (meiosis) |
|
|
Term
TRUE or FALSE:
Meiosis occurs in our ovaries and testes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| We discussed how some genetic disorders (Down, Klinefelter, and Turner Syndrome) can result from errors made during meiotic cell division. Which specific process can result in aneuploid gametes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| We discussed the relevant events that occur during meiosis 1 and meiosis 2. Which essential event occurs during meiosis 2? |
|
Definition
| Sister chromatid separation |
|
|
Term
| Each autosome (chromosomes 1-22) in the sperm or egg you produce can contain alleles from both your mother's and father's homologous chromosomes. which process makes this possible? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Your mother has 46 total chromosomes. Your father has 46 total chromosomes. Why don't the nuclei of your cells contain 92 chromosomes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What result of meiotic cell division increases the probability that sexually-reproducing populations can adapt to changing environmental conditions? |
|
Definition
| Increased genetic variation in populations |
|
|
Term
| The goal of your research team is to develop a new drug that prevents the cancer cells in a tumor from receiving sufficient quantities of glucose and oxygen. This new anti-cancer drug should inhibit which specific process? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| We discussed the differences between benign tumors and malignant tumors. Which characteristic of benign tumors makes them easier to treat than malignant tumors? |
|
Definition
| Cells in the benign tumor cannot metastasize |
|
|
Term
| Which cancer treatment is intended to train the immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which mutation would have the highest probability of allowing a cancer cell to metastasize? |
|
Definition
| A mutation that reduces the ability of cancer cells to bind to one another |
|
|
Term
| We discussed the role that translation plays in gene expression. Where does translation typically occur in our cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which membrane transport proteins are specialized to transport small, hydrophilic elements such as K+, Na+, Ca++, or Cl- from higher to lower concentration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some of our white blood cells have the ability to uptake a foreign invader and destroy it. A mutant white blood cell cannot uptake a virus it detected. This mutant white blood cell probably cannot perform which process? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some cancer cells have the ability to release a growth factor (large, hydrophilic protein) that stimulates angiogenesis. Which mechanism exports multiple copies of this growth factor to the extra-cellular space (outside of the cell)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Our cells use different mechanisms to transport different types of substances (size, chemical properties) across the cell membrane. Our cells would require an active transport protein to perform which function? |
|
Definition
| Transport a hydrophilic substance from a lower to higher concentration |
|
|
Term
| which organelles contribute to the synthesis of cellular membranes? |
|
Definition
| Golgi Apparatus and Endoplasmic Reticulum |
|
|
Term
| We discussed the different types of endocytosis that our cells use to import some substances. What is one example of how our cells use pinocytosis? |
|
Definition
| Import food molecules dissolved in extra-cellular fluid |
|
|
Term
| The cell (plasma) membrane is an extremely dynamic structure. What are some functions of the cell membrane? |
|
Definition
-It forms the boundary between the cell and its surrounding environment
-It contributes to the regulation of the import of substances
-It contributes to the regulation of the export of substances
-It allows cells to recognize many types of signals (sensory capacity) |
|
|
Term
| We discussed mutations, mutagens, and carcinogens. What is an accurate definition of a mutation/ |
|
Definition
| A change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA molecule |
|
|
Term
| We discussed the two categories of genes that can increase the risk of a cell becoming cancerous (the transformation process). Which gene would not be considered a proto-oncogene? |
|
Definition
| Gene C encodes an enzyme that repairs DNA |
|
|
Term
We discussed how mutations in proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes can eliminate proper cell cycle regulation. Which statement is true?
-One copy of an oncogene increases the risk of cancer
-Two copies of a wild-type (normal) tumor suppressor gene reduce the risk of cancer
-Two copies of an oncogene increase the risk of cancer
-Two copies of a wild-type (normal) proto-oncogene reduce the risk of cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which gene probably is a proto-oncogene? |
|
Definition
| Gene A encodes a cyclin-dependent kinase |
|
|
Term
| We discussed the two categories of genes that encode proteins that regulate the cell cycle. Which category of genes encodes proteins that stimulate cell division in a highly regulated manner? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the categories of mutagens we discussed? |
|
Definition
-Biological
-Chemical
-Physical |
|
|
Term
| We discussed the types of genes that regulate the cell cycle. Which category of genes encodes proteins that inhibit cell division in a highly regulated manner? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| We discussed how transcriptioncontributes to the ability of our cells to use the information stored in a gene to make a specific polypeptide. Which enzyme copies the information stored in a gene during transcription to make a messenger RNA molecule (transcript)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| We discussed how messenger RNA (mRNA) is processed (chemically modified) after transcription. How is mRNA processed? |
|
Definition
-5' G-Cap is added
-3' Poly-A Tail is added
-Alternative splicing
-Splicing |
|
|
Term
| We discussed the nucleotide sequences, proteins, and enzymes that enable the transcription of a gene to occur. The elimination of which nucleotide sequence would prevent RNA Polymerase from binding to and transcribing a specific gene/ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| We discussed the nucleotide sequences, proteins, and enzymes that interact to enable transcription to occur. Which group of proteins ensures that RNA Polymerase interacts with the proper nucleotide sequence so transcription can occur |
|
Definition
| General transcription factors |
|
|
Term
| We discussed the various types of processing (chemical modification) that are necessary to produce a mature, functional messenger RNA (mRNA) after transcription. Which of the following removes introns from a newly formed mRNA molecule and joins the remaining exons together to form a mature mRNA molecule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| We discussed how translation contributes to gene expression. Which family of enzymes attaches the correct amino acid to the correct transfer RNA (tRNA) to ensure that translation is an accurate process? |
|
Definition
| Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases |
|
|
Term
| We discussed the medical (health) consequences of abnormal splicing. How can abnormal splicing increase the risk of cancer? |
|
Definition
| A protein is produced that is not destroyed by the proteasome |
|
|
Term
| We discussed the extensive processing (chemical modifications) that messenger RNA (mRNA) experiences after transcription. Which type of processing allows a single gene to produce different versions of a polypeptide that are specialized for specific cell types? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A new antibiotic was recently discovered that inhibits the translation process in disease-causing (pathogenic) bacteria. This antibiotic probably inhibits? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| We discussed the various process that are necessary for gene expression to occur. Which of the following converts the codon information in a messenger RNA (mRNA)molecule, also called a transcript, into a polypeptide? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A source of energy is required to synthesize the biological molecules produced during transcription and translation. Which source of energy specifically drives the translation process? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| We discussed how some genes encode specialized RNA molecules. Which specialized type of RNA quickly and efficiently delivers amino acids to the translation machinery so they can be joined together during the translation process? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Many of the genes in the human population have different versions. What term is used to describe the different versions of a single gene that often exist in the human population |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which theory describes how the information stored in a gene is copied into a RNA molecule during transcription and how the information in this RNA molecule is used to make a polypeptide (protein) during translation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
TRUE or FALSE:
Gregor Mendel used the monohybrid crossing experiment to investigate the mechanisms that govern inheritance. Mendel did not replicate his experiments |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| We discussed Gregor Mendel's impressive series of monohybrid crossing experiments. Which principle of inheritance did not result from Mendel's monohybrid crossing experiments? |
|
Definition
| The chloroplast is an organelle that contains DNA |
|
|
Term
| A specific model system is intentionally chosen to facilitate the study a specific biological process. Why did Mendel decide to use pea as a model system to study the mechanisms that regulate inheritance? |
|
Definition
-Peas were relatively inexpensive to grow
-Peas were relatively inexpensive to grow in large numbers to achieve sufficient replication
-Matings/crossing between parental pea plants with different traits were controlled easily
-Pea seeds were inexpensive to buy |
|
|
Term
| We discussed the biochemical basis of dominant and recessive disorders. Why do recessive disorders only develop when an individual inherits two copies of a loss of function allele? |
|
Definition
| No functional enzyme or protein is produced |
|
|
Term
We discussed the sex chromosomes and autosomes (non-sex chromosomes) of the human genome. TRUE or FALSE:
Females have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A crop breeder must determine the genotype of a tomato plant that expresses a dominant phenotype that increases fruit yield. Which type of cross should she use to determine if the genotype of this tomato plant is homozygous dominant or heterozygous? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| We discussed the organelles ineukaryotic cells that contain DNA. Cytoplasmic inheritance in humans is due to the inheritance of which organelle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some of Mendel's rules have been extended to account for some aspects of inheritance that were difficult to investigate using monohybrid or dihybrid crossing experiments in pea. What is one example of a more recent discovery |
|
Definition
| One trait can be regulated by many genes (polygenic inheritance) |
|
|
Term
We discussed the terminology of Mendelian Genetics. TRUE or FALSE:
Ploidy is the number of chromosome sets in the nucleus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| We discussed how a point mutation can influence the expression of a gene. Which mutation probably would not influence gene expression? |
|
Definition
| A mutation that changes one amino acid in the protein the gene encodes |
|
|
Term
| We discussed the medical consequences of point mutations. What is an example of a genetic disorder caused by a point mutation? |
|
Definition
-Sickle Cell
-Hemophilia
-Tay Sachs
-Cystic Fibrosis |
|
|
Term
| We discussed how to analyze human pedigrees effectively. Which pattern probably would be observed in a pedigree where a trait is transmitted in an X-linked recessive manner? |
|
Definition
| The trait is more common in males |
|
|
Term
| We discussed how to analyze human pedigrees effectively. When analyzing a pedigree, which observation would suggest that a trait is transmitted in an autosomal recessive manner? |
|
Definition
| The parents share a common ancestor |
|
|
Term
| Which specific term is used to describe an allele that influences two or more aspects of an individual's phenotype? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Achondroplasia is a form of dwarfism that occurs in heterozygotes. How could two wild-type parents, each with a homozygous recessive genotype (aa), have a child with Achondroplasia (Aa)? |
|
Definition
| A mutation could occur during gamete formation in one of the parents |
|
|
Term
| We discussed how to analyze human pedigrees effectively. A pedigree shows that a father is affected by a specific disorder has ten children who are all health (unaffected). This disorder trait probably is transmitted in which manner? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| We discussed how to analyze human pedigrees effectively. Every affected child in a pedigree has one affected male parent or one affected female parent. Which type of transmission does this observation indicate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder associated with thick, stick mucous. What is one health consequence of this abnormal mucous? |
|
Definition
| Decreased ability of the digestive tract to absorb nutrients from |
|
|
Term
| We discussed some of the genetic disorders that are caused by a point mutation. Which autosomal recessive genetic disorder can be prevented by making dietary/nutritional modifications at the time of birth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| We discussed some of the genetic disorders associated with the sex chromosomes and autosomes (non-sex chromosomes). Why is the frequency of hemophilia higher in males compared to females? |
|
Definition
| Males are hemizygous for the X-chromosome |
|
|
Term
| We discussed the biochemical basis of recessive genetic disorders and dominant genetic disorders,. How can one copy of a mutated allele cause a dominant disorder phenotype such as Huntington's disease? |
|
Definition
| A "rogue" protein is produced that interferes with normal cellular function |
|
|
Term
We discussed the range of mutations that can occur in the genome. TRUE or FALSE:
A point mutation is an example of a chromosome abnormality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| We discussed the types of point mutations that can occur in the genome. The insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide pair in a gene would result in which type of point mutation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| We discussed some of the genetic disorders in the human population. Which autosomal recessive genetic disorder increases the risk of skin cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| We discussed how dominance, co-dominance, or incomplete dominance can be observed in the phenotype of heterozygous individuals. When the two different alleles are both expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote, this is known as - ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| We discussed how dominance, co-dominance, or incomplete dominance can be observed in the phenotype of heterozygous individuals. When the heterozygote shows a phenotype that is intermediate between both parents, this is an example of - ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of experiment did Mendel design to determine if the alleles of two different genes move as a linked pair into gametes during meiosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| We discussed the range of mutations that can occur in the genome. Which mutation is not an example of a chromosome abnormality? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| We discussed some of the genetic disorders in the human population. Which autosomal recessive genetic disorder is due to the inability of the lysosome organelle to degrade a specific lipid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| We discussed the biochemical basis of dominant genetic disorders and recessive genetic disorders. The "Haplo-Insufficiency Hypothesis" relates to which type of genetic disorders? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| We discussed the definition of an allele. why does the information stored in the alleles of a single gene differ? |
|
Definition
| Different nucleotide sequences |
|
|
Term
| We discussed the concept of phenotype. When do environmental conditions begin to influence the human phenotype? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two field were planted with genetically-identical seeds. The plants in one field are substantially taller than the plants in the other field. Which hypothesis most likely accounts for this difference in height? |
|
Definition
| Phenotype was affected by different environmental conditions |
|
|
Term
| What is a medically-relevant example of co-dominance in humans? |
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Definition
| The ABO Gene that regulates the ABO Blood Group |
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Term
We discussed the terminology or "language" of Mendelian Genetics. TRUE or FALSE?
Phenotype results from the complex interaction between genotype and environmental conditions |
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Definition
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| We discussed the range of mutations that can occur in the genome. While using a light microscope to examine the nucleus of a plant cell, you observed that the nucleus contained eight sets of chromosomes rather than the normal complement of two sets of chromosomes. This is an example of - ? |
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Definition
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| We discussed the range of mutations that can occur in the genome. A mutation occurred where one block of genes from one chromosome was attached to a different chromosome. This is an example of a -? |
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Definition
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| Point mutations have been shown to cause some genetic disorders. For example, sickle cell anemia is due to a point mutation that results in the beta-globin gene coding for a globin polypeptide that has one different amino acid compared to the wild-type (normal version) polypeptide. The sickle cell mutation is an example of a - ? |
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Definition
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Term
| A point mutation occfurred in a gene that codes for a polypeptide (protein). This mutation resulted in the production of a polypeptide that consists of substantially fewer amino acids. This is an example of a - ? |
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Definition
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Term
| We discussed the range of mutations that can occur in the genome. A point mutation occured in a gene that codes for a polypeptide (protein). This mutation does not change the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide encoded by this gene. This is an example of a -? |
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Definition
| Silent (synonymous) mutation |
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