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BIO FINAL Module 5
Module 5
71
Biology
Undergraduate 1
04/28/2013

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Term
Define Autotrophs
Definition

organisms that use light energy to make organic compounds 

Term
Plants are ______.
Definition
autotrophs
Term
What are photons?
Definition
packets of light of energy sometimes refered to as "light particles" meaning that it's responsible for light
Term
How do pigments work?
Definition
to absorb light.
Term
Why do pigments appear colored ?
Definition
because they reflect the wavelengths of lights which are not absorbed
Term
Carotenoids-
Definition
Orange, Red, and Yellow
Term
What transmits wavelengths not absorbed by Chla & then transfers those light energy to Chla?
Definition
Carotenoids
Term
Anthocyanins-
Definition
Red pigments
Term
Where are Anthocyanins found?
Definition
the vacuole
Term
What is Vitamin A?
Definition
beta- carotene and other carotenoids provide approximately 50% of this.
Term
What is needed in a humans' diet?
Definition
Vitamin A
Term
What are the two reactions in photosynthesis?
Definition

-Light reaction

-Calvin cycle

Term
Light reaction:
Definition
uses light energy to create chemical energy
Term
Calvin cycle:
Definition

converts atmosphere

carbon dioxide to simple sugars = glucose - C6 +H2 +O

Term

STAGES OF PHOTOSYTHESIS:

How many stages does photosythesis occur?

Definition

(2) 

Light reaction & Dark reaction

Term

STAGES OF PHOTOSYTHESIS:

Light reaction takes place in?

Definition
the presence of light.
Term
Does dark reactions require direct light?
Definition
No
Term

STAGES OF PHOTOSYTHESIS:

Dark reactions in most plants occur _____.

Definition
during the day.
Term

STAGES OF PHOTOSYTHESIS:

Light reactions occurs mostly in ____.

Definition
the thylakoid stacks of the grana.
Term

Stages of PHOTOSYTHESIS:

Which stage is water split?

Definition
light stage
Term
Where is cellular respiration occur?
Definition
the cytoplasm of the cell outside of the mitochondrion.
Term
What is important about anaerobic?
Definition
WITHOUT OXYGEN
Term
What is important about aerobic respiration?
Definition
WITH OXYGEN PRESENT
Term
Anaerobic respiration:
Definition
is used by some micro organisms in which neither oxygen nor pyruvate derivatives ( fermentation) is the final electron acceptor.
Term
Anaerobic respiration:
Definition
is a type of respiration that uses elctron acceptors and not oxygen.  This process still uses a respiratory electron transport chain.
Term
Aerobic respiration:
Definition
the process in which glucose is converted into CO2  and H2O in the presence of oxygen releasing large amounts of ATP.
Term
Aerobic respiration:
Definition
is a chemical process of living things in which oxygen is used to produce energy from carbohydrates and convert into carbon dioxide.
Term
How many stages are there in cellular respiration?
Definition
3 stages
Term
What is the first stage of cellular respiration?
Definition
Glycolysis
Term
What is the second stage of cellular respiration?
Definition

citric acid

Krebs 

Term
What is the last stage of Cellular respiration?
Definition
Electron transport chain
Term
What happens in Glycolysis ? (stage 1)
Definition
glucose is degraded and generates energy. there are two types of glycolysis present one is aerobic glycolysis and another is anaerobic glycolysis.
Term
Where does Glycolysis occur?
Definition
the cytoplasm of cell
Term
Where does Citric Acid- Krebs Cycle occur- (second stage)?
Definition
the mitochondrial matrix of cell
Term
What is essential in the Krebs cycle (citric acid)?
Definition
oxygen O2
Term
Where does Electron Transport chain occur and located?
Definition
via the electron transport chain, the chain is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane of cell
Term
How many ATP's are produced during cellular respiration?
Definition
34 ATP
Term

CELLULAR RESPIRATION:

Where is carbon dioxide produced?

Definition

the citric acid cycle 

Krebs cycle

Term
Alcoholic fermentation:
Definition
anerobic respiration without O2
Term
What does alcohol fermentation produce?
Definition

ethy alcohol + CO2 

 

Term
When does alcoholic fermentation begin?
Definition
after glucose enters the cell
Term

CELLULAR RESPIRATION:

How many ATP's are made?

Definition
2 ATP are made from alcoholic fermentation.
Term
What are biofuels?
Definition
made from biomass (organic material)
Term
What is biodiesel?
Definition
an alcohol made by fermenting plant sugars, and starches.
Term
Productin of crops (like corn) to produce ethanol is very costly.
Definition
Draw back to producing bio fuels and diesel.
Term
Causes food production to increase.
Definition
Draw backs to producing bio fuels and diesel.
Term
Cannot effectively get to sugars and starches through cellulose.
Definition
Draw backs to producing bio diesels and fuels.
Term
Cellular respiratin
Definition
C6H12O5 +6O2 + 6H2O ---> 6CO2 +12H2O + ENERGY
Term
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Definition

GLUCOSE + O2 à ATP +CO2 + H2O

Term

STAGES OF PHOTOSYTHSIS

Which stage is ATP synthesized?

Definition
the light stage
Term

STAGES OF PHOTOSYTHESIS:

Which stage is glucose produced?

 

Definition
calvin cycle
Term

Cellular Respiration:   CITRIC ACIT (KREBS)

Definition

-          Acetyl Co-A is the substrate of Citric acid cycle. Two molecules of Acetyl Co-A are produced in first stage of cellular respiration by breakdown of one molecule of glucose. In second stage, these two molecules of Acetyl Co-A are oxidized to carbon dioxide with release of two molecules of ATP, six molecules of NADH and two molecules of FADH2. One NADH provides three ATP and one FADH2 provides two ATP via the electron transport chain. Therefore, in second stage of cellular respiration, two molecules of Acetyl Co-A provide total 24 molecules of ATP.

Term

1.       ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

cellular respiration

Definition

In this stage, NADH and FADH2 donate electrons. These electrons are passed along the electron transport chain from one carrier to another. Eventually the electrons combine with oxygen and hydrogen ions to form water. Free energy is released in this stage as electrons are passed along the electron transport chain from one carrier to another. One molecule of NADH releases three ATP and one molecule of FADH2 releases two ATP via the electron transport chain.

Term
Bioethinal:
Definition
can be used to run car in pure form but ussually used as an additive to improve gas emisions and increase octane
Term
Biodiesel:
Definition
is made from veggie oils, animal fats, or recycled greases
Term
How many ATP's are from Alcoholic fermentation?
Definition
2 ATP
Term
In the citric acid cycle how many ATP's are produced?
Definition
2 ATP
Term
What stage are most elctrons formed?
Definition
electron transport chain
Term
NAD:H 's are what? during citric acid cycle
Definition
electrons
Term
How many Pyruvate molecules travel into the mitochondria?
Definition
2
Term
What do NAD:H's do during electron transport chain?
Definition
drop off electrons, that are passed down to an oxygen
Term
In Glycolysis what does "lysis" mean?
Definition
to break apart
Term

Why is a rose red

a grape purple

or a apple red

Definition
anthocyanins
Term
The monuclear reactor
Definition
Sun
Term
Photons travel ....
Definition
in waves
Term
The energy of a photon is inversely proportional to the ________.
Definition
length of the wavelegth
Term
The longer the wavelength the ____ _____ the photon has.
Definition
less energy
Term
Calvin cycle converts atmosphere carbon dioxide to
Definition
simple sugars.
Term
During Citric Acid ( Kreb's Cycle) Carbon ( C 's ) are captured in a
Definition
temperary transport molecule
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