Term
| What are the 5 scientific characteristics of life? |
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Definition
- Made of cells
- Obtain and use energy
- Can grow and develop
- Are able to reproduce
- Can respond to their environment
- Can adapt to their environment |
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Term
| Describe how the First Nations culture view on life, is similar to our scientific understanding of life. Describe how it is different and provide examples. |
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Definition
Similar
Everything is highly connected in an ecosystem
Different
First Nations- All things are living, abiotic and biotic
Scientific- If it’s not made of cells, produce energy, grows/develops, respond/adapt to its environment and reproduces it is not alive. Eg.) A stick fallen off a tree |
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Term
| Explain why there is a debate about whether a virus should be considered to be alive? |
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Definition
No evidence they take in and produce energy
No reproduction, but they multiply
Can't replicate their DNA
Only get nutrients from a host cell
Rely solely on a host cell |
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Term
| What are one type of cell? describe. |
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Definition
Prokaryotes
Bacteria, archae
Small
DNA circular, not bound by membrane
Genome (genetic information) made up of a single chromosome
Cell division not by mitosis and meiosis
Asexual reproduction common
Mostly unicellular
No mitochondria or other membrane-bound organelles
Many are anaerobic (do not require oxygen)
Shorter lifespan |
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Term
| What is the cell theory (3 major points)? How has it shaped our understanding of life? |
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Definition
All things are made up of cells
Cells are the smallest living thing
Cells come from other living cells
There has to be some sort of common ancestor |
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Term
| How has technology developments in microscopes changed our definition of life? |
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Definition
Developments in technology and our ability to study life and it’s many phenomena have caused our knowledge to rapidly expand and continue to grow with each technological advancement.
See clearer, see how things work, see more details, Eubacteria and Protists were discovered |
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Term
| What is the importance of determining out last universal common ancestor (LUCA) |
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Definition
By looking at LUCA we are able to determine where a species came from and see when a species trait began to change to adapt to their new environment so they can survive.
See the history of DNA and how genetic information has changed over time
If LUCA is true/real then it proves that descent with modification, divergent/convergent evolution is true |
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Term
| What is genetic drift? Explain how it is a main contribute to an understanding of evolution? |
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Definition
| Random fluctuation in the number of gene variation in a population |
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Term
| What did Charles Darwin observe that contributed to an understanding of evolution? |
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Definition
Natural Selection was discovered
Variation: difference in physical traits, which determines what that species is, which species it belongs to.
Adaptation: species adapting their traits to better suit their environment
Ex. Finches, birds, turtles |
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Term
| What is natural selection? Provide one example. |
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Definition
An individual with heritable traits best suited to their environment and their survival
Ex. Bears with thicker fur survive better farther up north |
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Term
| Provide an example to describe how behavioral isolation contributes to evolution. |
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Definition
Behavioral isolation- Evolutionary mechanism of identifying members of the same species as proper mates
Ex. Fireflies-males flash particular light patterns, females only recognize that of the same species.
Ex. Swans- They only mate once in there life, if their mate dies they won’t ever mate again. |
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Term
| What is the difference between divergent and convergent evolution? |
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Definition
Divergent evolution- Looks back on a species common ancestor and finds where it diverged into 2
Convergent evolution- When a species is not related to one another but it develops similar traits based on their environment so they can survive. |
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Term
| How does a cladogram support the theory of divergent evolution? |
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Definition
| A cladogram goes back on a species's common ancestor and shows what traits were added along the way |
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Term
| Describe two misconceptions that pertain to evolution. What are the misconceptions and what is the correction to them? |
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Definition
| Apes and humans share a common ancestor - people believe humans evolved from apes because humans and apes have similar outward appearances, like thumbs. This is wrong because scientists say we come from apes, but there is not proof of a middleman. survival of the fittest this term, they automatically think of the strongest organism is the one to survive. In reality it is the species that is able to adapt to their environment and have offspring to pass the genes down. If it were “survival of the fittest” then dinosaurs would still be around. |
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Term
| What is selective breeding? Why is it done? |
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Definition
Humans breed animals and plants a certain way to develop particular phenotypic traits
It is done because it ups food production and crop production. Faster horses, cuter dogs. It creates a new variety of good crops and helps eliminate diseases.
Decreases diversity |
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Term
| Describe the 5 selective pressures that can be introduced to a population and describe how a species might respond to survive. |
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Definition
Competition - two species are competing for the same food
Predation - something trying to eat them
Changes in climate - gets too hot/too cold/to wet/too dry
Parasitism - parasites coming through
Pollution |
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Term
| Define the following terms: Speciation, behavioral isolation, geographic isolation, and temporal isolation. Give examples. |
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Definition
Speciation- forming a new species
Behavioral isolation - only mating with the right species based on behaviours
Geographic isolation - can’t reproduce because they are in different locations
Temporal isolation - one species only mates in spring and the other in winter so they can’t mate |
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Term
| What is the second type of cell? describe. |
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Definition
Eukaryotes
Protists, plants, fungi, animals
large
DNA in nucleus bound by membrane
Genome made up of several chromosomes
Cell division by mitosis and meiosis
Sexual reproduction common
Most forms are multicellular
Mitochondria and other organelles present
Most are aerobic (requires oxygen)
Live longer |
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