Term
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Definition
| change in the allele frequencies in a population |
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Term
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Definition
| direct change in the DNA of an individual |
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Term
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Definition
| random change in the allele frequencies in a population |
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Term
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Definition
| founding members of a new population have different allele frequencies than the original source population |
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Term
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Definition
| famine, disease, or rapid environmental change may cause the deaths of a large proportion of the individuals in a population |
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Term
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Definition
| is the movement of some individuals of a species from one established population to another. Influenced by mobility of organism and presence of barriers. |
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Term
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Definition
| individuals with one version of the trait must produce more offspring than those with a different version of the trait |
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Term
| Differential reproductive success |
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Definition
-more organisms are born then can survive
-organisms are continually struggling for existence
-some organisms are more likely to win this struggle and survive and produce |
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Term
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Definition
a measure of the relative amount of reproduction of an individual with a particular phenotype
-alleles carried by an individual with high fitness will increase in a population over time |
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Term
| Factors that prevent "perfect" evolution |
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Definition
| Environments change quickly, all possible alleles are not produced by mutation, there may be multiple different alleles for a trait, each causing equal fitness |
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Term
| Five lines of evidence for the theory of evolution |
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Definition
| fossil record, bio-geography,comparative anatomy and embryology, molecular biology, labratory and field experiments |
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Term
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Definition
| different starting materials come to perform the same function |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA similarities and differences |
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Term
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Definition
| any and all actions performed by an organism |
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Term
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Definition
-don't require environmental input to develop
-present in all individuals in a population, do not vary |
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Term
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Definition
| Behaviors are altered and modified over time from previous experiments |
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Term
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Definition
| kindness towards unrelated individuals |
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Term
| tactics for getting a mate |
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Definition
| courtship rituals, gifts up front, control of valuable resources, good looks |
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Term
| tactics for keeping a mate |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-one parent invests more in caring for the offspring
-mating system tends toward polygamy
-males compete for access to mating opportunities |
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Term
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Definition
-both parents invest in caring for the offspring
-mating system tends toward monogamy
-both sexes are equally choosy when selecting a mate |
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Term
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Definition
| populations of organisms that interbreed with each other in natural conditions |
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Term
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Definition
-individuals are physically unable to mate
-behaviorally unable to mate
-male's reproductive cell unable to fertilize female |
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Term
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Definition
| sperm and egg do not attract |
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Term
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Definition
| bees, humminbirds pollinating flowers |
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Term
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Definition
| evolution above the species level |
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Term
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Definition
| fossil record reveals rapid periods of evolutionary change punctuated by longer periods with little change |
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Term
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Definition
| species may change at a more gradual, but consistent, pace |
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Term
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Definition
| with their competition suddenly eliminated, remaining species can rapidly diversify |
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Term
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Definition
| moving to a new location with new resources ( and possibly fewer competitors) species can rapidly diversify |
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Term
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Definition
| with the evolution of an innovative feature that increases fitness, a species can rapidly diversify |
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Term
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Definition
| individuals of the same species in a given area |
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Term
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Definition
| populations of all species in a habitat |
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Term
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Definition
| all organisms plus the physical environment |
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Term
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Definition
| size, growth rate, life history |
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Term
| density-dependant factors |
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Definition
| limitations on a populations growth that are a consequence of the population density ex. food supply, habitat, parasite and disease risk, predation risk |
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Term
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Definition
| limitations on a population's growth w/out regard for the population size, increasing the death rate or decreasing the number and rate of offspring produced ex. floods, fires, earthquakes |
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Term
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Definition
| growth that is gradually reduced as the population nears its carrying capacity |
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Term
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Definition
-reaches sexual maturity at one year
-mates intensely over a three-weak period
-males die shortly after mating period
-females die after weaning their first litter |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-space an organism requires
-type and amount of food an organism utilizes
-timing of an organisms reproduction
-organisms temperature and moisture requirements and other necessary living conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| one species within the niche utilizes resources more efficiently, driving the other species to local extinction |
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Term
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Definition
| species each alter their use of the niche, dividing the resources |
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Term
| categories of defense against predators |
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Definition
| mechanical, chemical, warning coloration, camouflage, hiding or escaping, alarm calling and fighting back |
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Term
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Definition
| more natural selection for prey than for predator |
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Term
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Definition
| predators and prey are in an evolutionary arms race |
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Term
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Definition
| predators that benefit from a symbiotic relationship with their hosts |
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Term
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Definition
both species interact with a benefit
ex. bee and flower |
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Term
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Definition
| one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor hurt |
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Term
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Definition
| process begins in an area with no life present |
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Term
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Definition
| process occurs in an area where life is already present |
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Term
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Definition
| have a relatively large influence on biodiversity through out the Ecosystem |
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Term
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Definition
| -loss of keystone species, invasive (exotic) species, climate change |
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