Term
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Definition
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Term
| What were the first prokaryotes? |
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Definition
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Term
| When was the oldest known fossil? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the endosymbiotic model |
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Definition
| becoming multicellular organism |
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Term
| What is evidence for the endosymbiotic model? |
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Definition
- organelle biochem homologous to living proks
- replacates by binary fission
- possess their own DNA |
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Term
| How do populations evolve? |
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Definition
| change in allele frequencies |
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Term
| What are the mechanisms for evolution? |
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Definition
| migration, mutation, genetic drift, selection |
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Term
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Definition
| random change in allele frequencies in a population over time |
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Term
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Definition
| a mechanism that shapes adaptations via differential reproductive success amongst different genotypes |
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Term
| what is the evolutionary mechanism that can give you an adaptions? |
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Definition
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Term
| Hardy weinberg equilibrium |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the largest group of individuals that can mate? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a pattern of lineage branching that represents the evolutionary history of different organism |
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Definition
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Definition
| where the branches connect |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| shared derived characteristic - characters are derived from a common ancestor and all descendants have it |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| structures that appear similar but do not share a common ancestor () |
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Term
| analogous traits definition |
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Definition
| similar looking traits NOT from a common ancestor |
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Term
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Definition
| phenomenon where two or more distinct species independently |
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Term
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Definition
| serves as a reference to help determine the evolutionary relationships among groups of interest. |
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Term
| Outgroups posses a number of _________ traits which help to identify _____ |
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Definition
| plesiomorphic traits, synapomorphies |
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Term
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Definition
| shared ancestral traits. every organism in the group has that trait |
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Term
| a clade is which type of phylogenetic groups? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| group of ancestors and all descendants |
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Term
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Definition
| group consisting of ancestor and most of its descendants |
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Term
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Definition
| groups with least number of evolutionary changes is the best tree |
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Term
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Definition
| non cellular, non living, lack metabolic machinery |
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Term
| what do all virus' need to replicate? |
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Definition
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Term
| FYI: life cycle of the virus |
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Definition
| virus enters cell, host cell replicated viral genome, genes transcribed, viral protein/genes assemble |
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Term
| What virus has to touch the other protein |
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Definition
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Term
| characteristics of a viroid |
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Definition
| no protein coat, cause plant diseases, make no proteins, can be parasitic |
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Term
| what two domains are prokaryotes? |
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Definition
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Term
| prokaryotic genetic recombination involes |
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Definition
| transformation, transduction, and conjugation |
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Term
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Definition
| uptake of foreign DNA --the genotype is altered by the uptake of foreign DNA from its surroundings |
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Term
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Definition
| horizontal gene transfer between bacteria via phage virus |
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Term
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Definition
| one way transfer of genes |
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Term
| Nitrogen metabolism & proks |
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Definition
| prokaryotes can fix atmospheric nitrogen and convert it to NH3. makes us able to live on earth |
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Term
| In the environment, prokaryotes act as |
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Definition
| recyclers, symbiotic things, pathogenesis and bioremediation |
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Term
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Definition
| prokaryotes; removal of pollutants using proks |
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Term
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Definition
| euk that is not a fungus, plant or animal |
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Term
| Endosymbiotic model leads to the evolution of... |
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Definition
| eukaryotes from prokarytoes, creating the mitochondrion |
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Term
| What is most closely related to fungus |
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Definition
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Term
| Review sexual phase of fungus |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| in fungus repro: the fusion of the cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
| in fungus repro: the fusion of the haploid nuclei (when it becomes diploid) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is gametophyte stage dominant in? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the vascular tissue in plants? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| sugar//organics transport |
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Term
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Definition
| ovule surrounded by ovary or fruit |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| anchoring junctions in plants |
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Term
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Definition
| bilateral can only be sliced one way, radial can be sliced a bunch of ways |
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Term
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Definition
| all except cnidarian and porifera |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| radially symmetric and diploblastic. |
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Term
| What is the body of cnidarian |
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Definition
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Term
| What do a squid/clam/etc have in common |
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Definition
| they're all molluscs and have a mantle |
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Term
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Definition
| squid/octupi. means head foot--no shell |
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Term
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Definition
| chelicerformes, myriapoda, hexapoda, crustacea |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 main body parts, 2 pairs of walking legs, 2 antennae |
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Term
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Definition
crabs, shrimp, barnacles, lobster
marine and freshwater |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the characteristics of roundworms |
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Definition
| Phylum: nematodes; non segmented, longitudinal muscles |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| millipedes and centipedes |
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Term
| Difference between millipedes and centipedes |
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Definition
milli - 2 pair of legs per segment
centi - one pair of legs per segment |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Four pleisiomorphic characteristics of chordates |
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Definition
| notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and post anal tail |
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Term
| what is the order of evolution of human characteristics |
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Definition
| skull, vertebral column, jaws, bony endoskeleton, fins, legs |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| evolution of a vertebral column |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| evolution of a bony endoskeleton |
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Term
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Definition
| evolution of fins and lungs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| allows for water independence during reproduction, water independent reproduction leads to internal fertilization |
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Term
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Definition
| lay eggs, produce milk, no nipples |
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Term
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Definition
| rudimentary placents, nipples |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four types of tissue? |
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Definition
| epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous |
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Term
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Definition
| hormones to receptive cells throughout the body via blood. slow acting but can last a while |
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Term
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Definition
| instantaneous, transmits nerve impulses between specific locations |
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Term
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Definition
| multi-functional, rich in bicarbonate, contains verious enzymes for digesting carbs, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What system transmits hormones throughout the body |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| site for sperm maturation |
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Term
| What ions participate in membrane potential |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital |
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Term
| Sensory receptors: sensory receptions |
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Definition
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Term
| Sensory receptors: transduction |
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Definition
| transmission of sensory information through nervous system via action potentials |
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Term
| Sensory receptors: transmission |
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Definition
| conversion of a stimulus to a change in membrane potential |
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Term
| Sensory receptors: perception |
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Definition
| action potential reaching brain via sensory neurons |
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Term
| Do we have taste buds for spicy |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| have a large surface area to maximize water absorption |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| causes elongation of young shoot |
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Term
| Examples of modifications in stems |
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Definition
| thorns, tuber, rhyzome, stolon |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What two structures are found in dermal tissues |
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Definition
| epidermis, cuticle, and periderm |
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Term
| What structures are found in vascular plants? |
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Definition
| xylem and phloem and the stele |
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Term
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Definition
| collective term for vascular tissue of a root or stem |
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Term
| Ground tissue includes what structures? |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary growth is what kind of meristem? |
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Definition
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Term
| Secondary growth is what kind of meristem? |
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Definition
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Term
| Secondary growh consistes of the tissues produced by ___ and ____ cambium |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| older layers of secondary xylem |
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Term
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Definition
| newer layer of seconday xylem |
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Term
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Definition
| everything external to plasma membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| entire mass of cytosol of living cells, plasmodesmata, cytoplastmic channels |
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Term
| Short distance transport of water is due to |
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Definition
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Term
| short distance transport of solutes is due to |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| innermost layer of cells in root cortex. it is the last checkpoint for the selective passage of minerals |
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Term
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Definition
| prevents water and minerals from entering the stele through apoplastic pathway |
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Term
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Definition
| powered by transpiration, cohesion, adhesion, and tension |
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Term
| Upward movement in bulk flow is due to |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| loss of water vapor from leaves and other aerial parts of the plant |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Pollen is (male or female) |
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Definition
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Term
| after fertilization: ovule develops into |
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Definition
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Term
| after fertilization: ovary develops into |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| stockpile proteins, oils, and starch to nourish the embryo |
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Term
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Definition
| protect the enclosed seeds and aid in their dispersal |
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Term
| know that bugs attracted to light is what type of question? |
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Definition
| taxis: proximate question on mechanism |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| nonliving: physical, chemical, geological |
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Term
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Definition
| living: prey, competitors, predators |
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Term
| TF Intensity of solar radiation varies seasonally because the earth is on an axis |
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Definition
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Term
| 30 degrees N and south have what type of climate |
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Definition
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Term
| terrestrial biomes are characterized by |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do you find huge animals |
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Definition
| northern coniferous forest |
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Term
| Wetlands have the capacity to |
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Definition
| filter dissolved nutrients |
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Term
| What did the BP oil spill affect the most/ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain |
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Term
| Insects are what type selection r/k |
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Definition
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Term
| humans are what kind of selection? r/k |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when individuals of two or more species live in direct and intimate contact with each other |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to an interaction between species in whcih one species kills the other |
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Term
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Definition
| warning coloration displaying toxic, noxious, potent chemical defense. |
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Term
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Definition
| one organism derives its nourishment from another |
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Term
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Definition
| interspecific interaction that benefits both species |
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Term
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Definition
| different feeding relationships in an ecosystem, which determine the route of energy flow and the pattern of chemical cycling. |
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Term
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Definition
| most abundant species that has the highest biomass |
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Term
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Definition
| exert strong control on community structure by pivotal ecological roles or niches |
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Term
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Definition
| dramatically alter their physical envoronment on a large scale |
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Term
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Definition
| an event, that changes a community by removing organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| ultimately support all others within ecosystems |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of chemical energy in consumers food that is converted to their own new biomass during a given time period |
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Term
| What are the two types of reservoirs |
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Definition
| organic vs inorganic and available vs unavailable |
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Term
| carbon is found mostly in |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| nucleic acids, ATP, cell membranes |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of added nutrient that can be absorbed by plants without damaging ecosystem integrity |
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Term
| What do humans do that is not chemical pollution |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| all the processes through which natural ecosystems help to sustain human life on earth |
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Term
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Definition
| variety of species in an ecosystem or throughout the biosphere |
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Term
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Definition
| use or organisms to detoxify polluted ecosystems |
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Term
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Definition
| use of organisms to add essential materials to a degraded ecosystem |
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