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Bio Final
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56
Biology
Undergraduate 1
05/06/2010
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Term
1) The centromere is a region in which
 Definition
A) chromatids are attached to one another
Term
2) What is a chromatid?
 Definition
*B) a replicated chromosome
Term
3) What is the name for the special region on a duplicated chromosome that holds the sister chromatids together?
 Definition
*B) centromere
Term
4) Starting with a fertilized egg (zygote), a series of five cell divisions would produce an early embryo with how many cells?
 Definition
*D) 32
Term
5) If there are 20 chromatids in a cell, how many centromeres are there?
 Definition
*A) 10
Term
6) Which of the following statements is not true?
 Definition
*E) The mitotic spindles in prokaryotic cells are composed of microtubules.
Term
7) If cells in the process of dividing are subjected to colchicine, a drug that interferes with the functioning of the spindle apparatus, at which stage will mitosis be arrested?
 Definition
*D) metaphase
Term
8) A cell containing 92 chromatids at metaphase of mitosis would, at its completion, produce two nuclei containing how many chromosomes?
 Definition
*D) 46
Term
9) If there are 20 centromeres in a cell at anaphase, how many chromosomes are there in each daughter cell following cytokinesis?
 Definition
*B) 20
Term
10) If there are 20 chromatids in a cell at metaphase, how many chromosomes are there in each daughter cell following cytokinesis?
 Definition
*A) 10
Term
11) Where do the microtubules of the spindle originate during mitosis in both plant and animal cells?
 Definition
*B) centrosome
Term
12) All of the following occur during mitosis except the
 Definition
*D) synthesis of DNA.
Term
13) If cells in the process of dividing are subjected to colchicine, a drug that interferes with the functioning of the spindle apparatus, at which stage will mitosis be arrested?
 Definition
*D) metaphase
Term
14) A cell containing 92 chromatids at metaphase of mitosis would, at its completion, produce two nuclei containing how many chromosomes?
 Definition
*D) 46
Term
15) How do the daughter cells at the end of mitosis and cytokinesis compare with their parent cell when it was in G1 of the cell cycle?
 Definition
*D) The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and the same amount of DNA.
Term
16) Taxol is an anticancer drug extracted from the Pacific yew tree. In animal cells, taxol disrupts microtubule formation by binding to microtubules and accelerating their assembly from the protein precursor, tubulin. Surprisingly, this stops mitosis. Specifically, taxol must affect
 Definition
*A) the fibers of the mitotic spindle.
Term
17) If there are 20 centromeres in a cell at anaphase, how many chromosomes are there in each daughter cell following cytokinesis?
 Definition
*B) 20
Term
18) If there are 20 chromatids in a cell at metaphase, how many chromosomes are there in each daughter cell following cytokinesis?
 Definition
*A) 10
Term
19) Of the following, the best conclusion concerning the difference between the S phases for beta and gamma is that
 Definition
A) gamma contains more DNA than beta.
Term
20) The best conclusion concerning delta is that the cells
 Definition
D) are actually in the G0 phase.
Term
22) Where do the microtubules of the spindle originate during mitosis in both plant and animal cells?
 Definition
*B) centrosome
Term
23) All of the following occur during mitosis except the
 Definition
*D) synthesis of DNA.
Term
24) If a cell has 8 chromosomes at metaphase of mitosis, how many chromosomes will it have during anaphase?
 Definition
*E) 16
Term
25) Cytokinesis usually, but not always, follows mitosis. If a cell completed mitosis but not cytokinesis, the result would be a cell with
 Definition
*D) two nuclei.
Term
27) How do the daughter cells at the end of mitosis and cytokinesis compare with their parent cell when it was in G1 of the cell cycle?
 Definition
*D) The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes and the same amount of DNA.
Term
29) Taxol is an anticancer drug extracted from the Pacific yew tree. In animal cells, taxol disrupts microtubule formation by binding to microtubules and accelerating their assembly from the protein precursor, tubulin. Surprisingly, this stops mitosis. Specifically, taxol must affect
 Definition
*A) the fibers of the mitotic spindle.
Term
32) Chromosomes first become visible during ________ of mitosis.
 Definition
*C) prophase
Term
33) The correct sequence of steps in the M phase of the cell cycle is
 Definition
*C) prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis.
Term
34) During which phases of mitosis are chromosomes composed of two chromatids?
 Definition
*E) from G2 of interphase through metaphase
Term
37) Movement of the chromosomes during anaphase would be most affected by a drug that
 Definition
*D) prevents shortening of microtubules.
Term
38) In some organisms, mitosis occurs without cytokinesis occurring. This will result in
 Definition
*A) cells with more than one nucleus.
Term
39) Which of the following does not occur during mitosis?
 Definition
*B) replication of the DNA
Term
42) Imagine looking through a microscope at a squashed onion root tip. The chromosomes of many of the cells are plainly visible. In some cells, replicated chromosomes are aligned along the center (equator) of the cell. These particular cells are in which stage of mitosis?
 Definition
*D) metaphase
Term
43) If mammalian cells receive a go-ahead signal at the G1 checkpoint, they will
 Definition
*B) complete the cycle and divide.
Term
44) Cells that are in a nondividing state are in which phase?
 Definition
*A) G0
Term
52) The "restriction point" occurs here.
 Definition
B. G1
Term
53) Nerve and muscle cells are in this phase.
 Definition
A. G0
Term
54) the shortest part of the cell cycle
 Definition
E. M
Term
55) DNA is replicated at this time of the cell cycle.
 Definition
C. S
Term
56) The cyclin component of MPF is destroyed toward the end of this phase.
 Definition
E. M
Term
62) What is the name of enzymes that control the activities of other proteins by phosphorylating them?
 Definition
*B) kinases
Term
63) An enzyme that attaches a phosphate group to another molecule is called a
 Definition
*C) kinase
Term
64) Proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, and that show fluctuations in concentration during the cell cycle, are called
 Definition
*E) cyclins.
Term
68) Which of the following is true concerning cancer cells?
 Definition
A) They do not exhibit density-dependent inhibition when growing in culture.
B) When they stop dividing, they do so at random points in the cell cycle.
C) They are not subject to cell cycle controls.
*E) A, B, and C
Term
70) A particular cyclin called cyclin E forms a complex with a cyclin-dependent kinase called Cdk 2. This complex is important for the progression of the cell from G1 into the S phase of the cell cycle. Which of the following statements is correct?
 Definition
*C) The amount of cyclin E is highest during G1.
Term
71) Nucleoli are present during
 Definition
*A) interphase.
Term
72) Chromosomes become visible during
 Definition
*B) prophase.
Term
74) During prophase a homologous pair of chromosomes consists of
 Definition
*C) two chromosomes and four chromatids.
Term
76) Increases in the enzymatic activity of some protein kinases important for the regulation of the cell cycle are due to
 Definition
*B) activation of inactive kinases by binding to cyclins.
Term
77) Through a microscope, you can see a cell plate beginning to develop across the middle of the cell and nuclei re-forming on either side of the cell plate. The cell is most likely
 Definition
*B) a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.
Term
78) Vinblastine is a standard chemotherapeutic drug used to treat cancer. Because it interferes with the assembly of microtubules, its effectiveness must be related to
 Definition
*A) disruption of mitotic spindle formation.
Term
79) A particular cell has half as much DNA as some of the other cells in a mitotically active tissue. The cell in question is most likely in
 Definition
*A) G1.
Term
80) One difference between a cancer cell and a normal cell is that
 Definition
*C) cancer cells continue to divide even when they are tightly packed together.
Term
81) The decline of MPF activity at the end of mitosis is caused by
 Definition
*C) the degradation of cyclin.
Term
84) In some organisms, mitosis occurs without cytokinesis occurring. This will result in
 Definition
*A) cells with more than one nucleus.
Term
85) Which of the following does not occur during mitosis?
 Definition
*B) replication of the DNA
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