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bio final
everything
81
Biology
Undergraduate 1
12/05/2009

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
cytoplasm
Definition
protects and supports organelles
Term
ribosomes
Definition
protien synthesis
Term
chloroplasts
Definition
captures sunlight for photosynthesis
Term
vacuole/vesicle
Definition
removes waste and stores toxins and food
Term
cell membrane
Definition
allows things to go in and out of the cell through a selectively permeable membrane
Term
mitochondria
Definition
Term
endoplasmic reticulum
Definition
repairs cells, provides seperation compartments
Term
flagella
Definition
moves liquid and material past the surface
Term
nucleolus
Definition
produces ribosomes
Term
nucleus
Definition
power house 
Term
cell wall
Definition
supports and protects the cell
Term
golgi apparatus
Definition
protein packaging factory
Term
cilia
Definition
moves the cell by their movements
Term
microtubules
Definition
responsible for movement of cilia and flagella
Term
in what cell are ribosomes found?
Definition
prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Term
in which cell is the cell wall found?
Definition
prokaryotic and eukaryotic 
Term
where is the cytoplasm found?
Definition
eukaryotic cells
Term
where is the golgi apparatus found?
Definition
eukaryotic
Term
what are the two types of ER ?
Definition
rough and smooth
Term
where is the ER found?
Definition
eukaryotic
Term
in what cell is the vacuole found?
Definition
eukaryotic
Term
where are the microtubules found?
Definition
prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Term
where is the cilia found?
Definition
eukaryotic
Term
active transport
Definition
requires energy
molecules moves from lower to higher concentration
requires transport protein
Term
exocytosis
Definition
cells release substances
Term
diffusion
Definition
molecules move from high to low concentration
Term
osmosis
Definition
movement for water only from high to low through a selectively permeable membrane
Term
what is normal for an animal
Definition
isotonic
Term
what would happen to a plant in an isotonic solution?
Definition
will wilt
Term
what is normal for a plant
Definition
hypotonic
Term
pinocytosis
Definition
cell drinking
Term
phagocytosis
Definition
cell eating
Term
metabolism
Definition
the sum total of all chemical reactions in cells
Term
catabolism
Definition
all reactions that BREAK DOWN larger molecules into smaller ones
Term
anabolism
Definition
all reactions that BUILD UP molecules from smaller ones
Term
what is a catalyst
Definition
speeds up a reaction but doesnt become part of the product and is used over and over again
Term
active site
Definition
part of an enzyme that temp. binds to the substrate
Term
A+B-->C what is the first part
Definition
substrate
Term
A+B-->C what is the C part
Definition
product
Term
cofactors
Definition
enzyme helper
molecule
atoms
ions
Term
coenzyme
Definition
specific organic cofactor; nucleotide
Term
aneorobic
Definition
requires no oxygen
Term
aerobic
Definition
requires oxygen
Term
obligatory
Definition
cannot respire with the presence of oxygen
Term
facletative
Definition
can respire with or without oxygen
Term
whats an example of obligatory
Definition
botalism
Term
whats an example of facletative
Definition
fermentation
Term
how many carbons in glycolysis
Definition
6
Term
how many carbons in a pyruvate
Definition
3
Term
how many ATP's are produced in NADH
Definition
3
Term
how many ATP's are produced in FADH2
Definition
2
Term
what are the end products of glycolysis
Definition
two pyruvates
Term
where does glycolysis take place in a cell
Definition
cytoplasm
Term
where does the Krebs cycle take place?
Definition
mitochondrion
Term
where does the transition reaction take place in the cell
Definition
starts in cytoplasm and ends in mitochondrion
Term
what are the net products of the transition reaction
Definition
acytel coA
Term
what is the function of CoA?
Definition
picks up the pyruvate and transports it to the krebs cycle
Term
what is the equation for cellular respiration
Definition
C6H12O6+6O2-->6CO2+6H2O
Term
where does photosynthesis occur
Definition
chloroplasts
Term
whats the function of the stomata
Definition
to close during drought to keep water from leaving
Term
whats another name for the Calvin Cycle?
Definition
C3
Term
what is photorespiration?
Definition
the stomato closes so neither water or C3 gets in so the rubisco picks the H2O and it breaks down the cycle
Term
how do C4 plants get around photorespiration
Definition
it moves the C3 cycle away from the stomata and uses pepco to pick up co2 and the stomata opens slightly
Term
how do CAM plants get around photorespiration?
Definition
stomata opens at night and uses pepco to pick up co2
Term
rubisco
Definition
picks up co2 and h2o
Term
pepco
Definition
only picks up co2
Term
element
Definition
cant be broken down further
Term
examples of elements
Definition
c,h,o
Term
atom
Definition
protons,neutrons,electrons
Term
molecule
Definition
combination of atoms through sharing of electrons
Term
proton
Definition
positive charge
Term
electron
Definition
negative charge
Term
neutron
Definition
neutral charge
Term
atomic number
Definition
tells how many protons in the nucleus
Term
ion
Definition
charged atom
Term
energy level
Definition
the levels surrounding the nucleus, tells how many atoms it can hold
Term
bonding site
Definition
how many electrons are needed to fill the outer most energy level
Term
electronegitivity
Definition
an atoms pull of electrons
Term
polymer
Definition
glucose
Term
monomer
Definition
simple sugars
Term
what are the four macromolecules
Definition
carbs,lipids,protein and nucleic acid
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