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BIO EXAM 2
Biology terms
32
Biology
Undergraduate 1
02/24/2018

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Term
Potential Energy
Definition

stored energy available to do work

ex: compressed spring, ball @ top of hill, covalent bonds pre broken 

Term
Kinetic Energy
Definition

energy used to do work- released 

ex: spring released, bike going downhill, bonds broken 

Term
Calorie
Definition

amount of energy required to raise temp 1 degree 

 

 

-potential energy but once digested=kinetic 

Term
Laws of Energy
Definition
Energy cant be created/destroyed but converted into other forms
Term
Photosynthesis
Definition
Kinetic energy-produce glucose and contain potential  energy
Term
Cellular Respiration
Definition
takes potential energy and converts to kinetic= do work
Term
Entropy
Definition

measure of random loss of heat energy

 

-every reaction=loose energy=heat=irreversible

Term
Metabolism
Definition

amount of chem reactions within a cell 

-reactants and products =new compounds that absorb/release energy 

Term
Metabolic Reactions
Definition
Require or release energy
Term
Build  Energy
Definition

4 blocks=2 bars=full large bar

ex:photosy, products contain more energy over reactants

Term
Releasing Energy
Definition

big block=2 blocks=4 pieces 

ex:cell res, reactants have more energy over products 

BREAKING  DOWN

Term
Oxidation
Definition
loss of an e-, loss energy from 1 mcl to another
Term
Reduction
Definition
gain e- and energy
Term

Redox Reactions 

( Oxidation Reduction)

Definition
transfer e- from 1mcl to another
Term
Electron Transport Chain
Definition

proteins accept e- from mcl before it and passes to the next ...ect each "passing"= loss of energy 

*each protein=reduced then oxidized 

 

Photo and cell res rely=energy!

Term
ATP
Definition

Stores energy, in covalent bonds, then uses energy to pwr reactions =energy input 

-mitochondria 

Term
ATP made of...
Definition

adenine, 5-carbon sugar, 3 phosphate 

-all cells depend on potential energy from ATP 

-remove end tail of phosphate W/ H2O=ADP=BURST OF ENERGY! that cell uses 

Term
Reverse ATP Process
Definition
energy stored by ADDING phosphate to ADP= ATP and H2O
Term
Coupled Reactions
Definition

one provides energy that drives the other

-transfer phosphate to mcl -mcl= energize mcl OR change shape of mcl

-changing shape=protein to move substances across membrane ATP hydro=provides energy 

-other jobs=ATP= muscle contraction/move chromo during cell division 

Term
Enzyme
Definition

mcl that speeds up reactions 

-mainly proteins made of RNA

-copy DNA, build proteins, digest food, recycle worn out parts 

Term
Activation Energy
Definition

amount of energy required to start a reaction-release energy

-reactions occur faster if activation energy is low-enzyme brings reactions into close contact w/ each other 

Term

Active Site 

Definition

Area where substrate

(reactants) bind, fit like puzzle pieces, once reaction occurs =enzyme release product 

Term
Negative Feedback
Definition

reactions products inhibit enzyme that catalyzes (speeds up) reaction

-more products accum=slow/stop reaction, less allow reaction to occur

**WORKS IN 2 WAYS**

Term
Noncompetitive Inhibition
Definition

works to prevent too much accumulation

1. mcl bind to enzyme in site that isnt active site=alter enzyme shape=cant bind to substrate (reactant)

 

 

Term
Competitive Inhibition
Definition

Production of reaction binds to enzymes active site=cant bind to substrate (reactant)

 

-"competitive"= product competes w/substrate to occupy active site

Term
ENZYMES EXTRA INFO
Definition

Sensitive to pH, salt concentrations, temp=can cause enzyme to stop working 

-heat speeds up enzyme

Term
Selective Permeability
Definition
membranes that are picky and only allow certain things in
Term
Concentration Gradient
Definition
difference in solution concentration btwn 2 regions
Term
Autotroph
Definition
self feeder-uses inorganic substances to produce organic(carbon)
Term
Heterotroph
Definition
organism that obtains energy from autotrophs -consuming them
Term
Photosynthesis
Definition

plants/algae/microbes= take solar energy and make into chemical energy 

-turn co2 to glucose, uses h2o=release gas=oxygen 

Term
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Definition

range of all possible frequencies of radiation-light

-visible light is in this-colors-wavelengths

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