Term
| The active site can lower an EA barrier by |
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Definition
Orienting substrates correctly
Straining substrate bonds
Providing a favorable microenvironment
Covalently bonding to the substrate |
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Term
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Definition
| the totality of an organism chemical reactions , it is the emergent propoerty of life that arisese from interactions between molcules |
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Term
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Definition
| begins with a specific moleule and ends with a products |
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Term
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Definition
| release energy by breaking down complex molecules into smaller compounds ex. cellular respiration breaks down glucose in the presense fo oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of how organisms manage thier energy sources |
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Term
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Definition
| the capacity to cause change , it exsist in various forms |
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Term
| what are the forms of energy |
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Definition
| kinetic- associated with motion heat-kinetic energy associated with random movement of atoms or molecules potential -energy that matter possess because of its location or structure |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of energy transformations |
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Term
| what is the first law of thermodynamics |
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Definition
| The energy of the universe is constant ENERGY CAN BE TRANSFORMED OR TRANSFERED BUT NOT CREATED OR DESTROYED. |
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Term
| What is the second law of thermodynamics |
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Definition
| every energy transfer or transformation increases entropy(disorder) of the universe |
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Term
| what are spontaneous processes |
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Definition
| ones that occur without energy input , they can happen very quickly or very slowly |
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Term
| what does the free energy change of reactions tell us |
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Definition
| whether or not the reactions occurs spontaneously |
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Term
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Definition
| the energy that can do work when temp and pressure are uniformed , only negative deltaG is spontaneous |
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Term
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Definition
| a state of maximum stabilty |
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Term
| what is an exergonic reaction |
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Definition
| proceeds with a net release of free energy and is spontaneous |
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Term
| what is an energonic reaction |
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Definition
| absorbs free energy from its surroundinds and is nonspontaneous |
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Term
| what kinds of work does a cell do |
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Definition
chemical
transport
mechanical |
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Term
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Definition
| the use of an exergonic process to drive and endergonic one |
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Term
| this funtions as the cells energy shuttle , what is it |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ribose , adenine and three phosphate groups |
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Term
| what are the 3 types of cellular work powered by |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a chemical agent that speeds up a reactions without being consumed by the reaction. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what is activation energy |
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Definition
| teh energy needed to start a chemical reaction |
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Term
| hwo to enzymes catalyze reactions |
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Definition
| by lowering the Ea barrier |
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Term
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Definition
| The reactant that an enzyme acts on is called the enzyme’s |
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Term
| what forms when enzymes bind to substrates |
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Definition
| enzyme -substrate complex |
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Term
| what is an enzymes active site |
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Definition
| the region ont he enzyme where the substrate binds |
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Term
| what does induced fit of a substrate bring about |
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Definition
| of a substrate brings chemical groups of the active site into positions that enhance their ability to catalyze the reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| non protien enzymes helpers that may be inorganic |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| this binds to another part of an enzyme causing the enzyme to change shape and makes the active site less effective |
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Definition
| non competative inhibitor |
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Term
| when does allosteric regulation occur |
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Definition
| when a regulatory molecule binds to a protien at one site and affatcs the protien function at another site |
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Term
| what are the most allosterically regulated enzymes made from |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the binding of an activator and inhibitors do |
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Definition
The binding of an activator stabilizes the active form of the enzyme
The binding of an inhibitor stabilizes the inactive form of the enzyme |
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Term
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Definition
Cooperativity is a form of allosteric regulation that can amplify enzyme activity
One substrate molecule primes an enzyme to act on additional substrate molecules more readily
Cooperativity is allosteric because binding by a substrate to one active site affects catalysis in a different active site |
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Term
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Definition
| the end product of a metabolic pathway shuts down the pathway , prevents a cell from wasting chemical resources by synthesising more products than needed. |
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