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Bio Enzymes
Bio Enzymes
37
Biology
Undergraduate 1
09/19/2012

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Term
Lypases
Definition
Breaks down lipids
Term
Proteases
Definition
Breaks down proteins
Term
Carbohydrases
Definition
Breaks down carbohydrates
Term
Nucleases
Definition
Breaks down nucleic acids
Term
Oxidases
Definition
Strips hydrogen from organic molecules and produces hydrogen peroxide
Term
Catalase
Definition
Breaks down hydrogen peroxide
Term
NADP+ reductase
Definition
Reduces to NADPH
Term
Protein kinases
Definition
Transfers phosphate groups from ATP to protein
Term
Protein phosphatases
Definition
Removes phosphate groups from proteins
Term
Adenylyl cyclase
Definition
Converts ATP to cyclic AMP
Term
PEP carboxylase
Definition
Fixes CO2 to phosphoenolpyruvate to form oxaloacetate
Term
Receptor tyrosine kinases
Definition
Membrane proteins which recieve a signal molecule, transfer a phosphate group from ATP to tyrosine
Term
Caspase
Definition
The main protease (protein break-downer) of apatosis
Term
ATP synthase
Definition
A complex of membrane proteins that fix phosphates to ADP to make ATP
Term
Dehydrogenases
Definition
Remove all pair of hydrogen atoms from substrate and deliver two electrons and one proton to coenzyme NAD+
Term
Coenzyme NAD+
Definition
Accepts two electrons and one Hydrogen from substrate during respiration to form NADH
Term
Rubisco
Definition
Fixes CO2 to organic molecules
Term
DNA polymerase
Definition
Adds DNA nucleotides to primer
Term
Helicase
Definition
Untwists double helix of DNA at replication fork
Term
Topoisomerase
Definition
Relieves strain ahead of untwisting DNA
Term
Primase
Definition
Constructs an RNA primer of about 5-10 nucleotides
Term
DNA ligase
Definition
Seals DNA backbone
Term
Nuclease
Definition
Cuts DNA and exises bad DNA
Term
Telomerase
Definition
Adds a repetitive sequence to the telomere region of DNA
Term
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthase
Definition
Binds amino acids to specific molecules of tRNA
Term
RNA polymerase
Definition
Makes an mRNA copy of the gene in the 5' to 3' direction
Term
Peptidyl Transferase
Definition
Binds amino acids with peptide bonds
Term
Dicer enzyme
Definition
Cuts miRNA molecules into shorter segments
Term
Reverse transcriptase
Definition
Makes DNA copy from RNA
Term
Phospholipase C
Definition
Cleaves phospholipids just before phosphate group
Term
Phosphofructokinase
Definition
Regulates glycolisis
Term
Permease
Definition
Membrane transport protein. Facililitates the diffusion of a specific molecule in or out of the cell by passive transport
Term
Seperase
Definition
A cysteine protease responsible for triggering anaphase by hydrolysising cohesins which are responsible for binding sister chromatids during metaphse.
Term
RuBP carboxylase/oxygenase
Definition
Refixes CO2 in bundle sheath cell
Term
Endonuclease
Definition
Cut apart DNA molecules of invading viruses in bacteria. They cut at specific nucleotide sequences .
Term
Transposase
Definition
Work with other enzymes to catalyze the removal and insertion of transponon at a new location
Term
Beta-galactosidase
Definition
Catalyzes the hydrolysis of lactose in glucose plus galactose
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