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a chamber of the vertebrate heart that receives blood from the veins and transfers blood to a ventricle |
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| an iron-containing protein in RBCs that reversibly binds oxygen |
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| cord-like tendons that connect the papillary muscles projecting from walls of ventriclesto the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve in the heart |
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| a special junction between cardiac muscle cells that provides direct electrical coupling between cells |
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| bundle of His (AV bundle or atrioventricular bundle) |
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| a collection of heart muscle cells specialized for electrical conduction that transmits the electrical impulses from the AV node (located between the atria and the ventricles) to the point of the apex of the fascicular branches. The fascicular branches then lead to the Purkinje fibers which innervate the ventricles, causing the cardiac muscle of the ventricles to contract at a paced interval |
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| lung cancer; cardiovascular disease; chronic bronchitis and emphysema; 5% less O2 circulating in blood (bc CO binds to hemoglobin) |
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| the portion of the respiratory tract that passes from the larynx to the bronchi |
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| a vessel that conveys blood between an artery and a capillary bed |
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| tubes that carry air into the tiny branches and smaller cells of the lungs after this air has passed through the mouth, nasal passages, and windpipe (trachea) |
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| epithelium found lining the respiratory tract, where it serves to moisten and protect the airways. It also functions as a barrier to potential pathogens and foreign particles, preventing infection and tissue injury by action of the mucus escalator |
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| the liquid matrix of blood in which cells are suspended |
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| the stage of cardiac cycle in which a heart chamber is relaxed and fills with blood |
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| the stage of cardiac cycle in which a heart chamber contracts and pumps blood |
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| blood pressure in the arteries during contraction of ventricles |
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(1) a heart chamber that pumps blood out of the heart
(2) a space in the vertebrate brain, filled with cerebrospinal fluid |
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| a pair of breathing tubes that branch from the trachea into the lungs |
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| made of hyaline cartilage and are very important to supporting the structure of the trachea |
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| a microscopic blood vessel that penetrates the tissues and consists of a single layer of endothelial cells that allows exchange between the blood and interstitial fluid |
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| occurs when the air sacs at the ends of your smallest air passages (bronchioles) are gradually destroyed; smoking is the leading cause |
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| left AV valve (btw left atrium and left ventricle that prevents backflow of blood) |
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| increased oxyhemoglobin dissociation due to lowered pH; occurs as CO2 conc. increases; a lowering of the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen, caused by a drop in pH; facilitates release of oxygen from hemoglobin in the vicinity of active tissues |
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| dead-end, multilobed air sacs where gas exchange occurs in mammalian lung |
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| pinched-off cytoplasmic fragments of a specialized bone marrow cell; circulate in blood, important for blood clotting |
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| a viscous and slippery mixture of glycoproteins, cells, salts, and water that moistens and protects membranes lining body cavities that open to exterior |
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| a vessel that carries blood toward the heart |
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| semilunar valve of the heart lying between the left ventricle and the aorta |
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| atrioventricular (AV) node |
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| a region of specialized heart muscle tissue btw the left and right atria where electrical impulses are delayed for about 0.1 sec before spreading to both ventricles and causing them to contract |
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| a vessel that carries blood away from the heart to organs throughout body |
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| white blood cells (leukocytes) |
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| colorless amoeboid cells that defend the body against disease-causing organisms; spend most of their time outside the circulatory system, patrolling through interstitial fluid and the lymphatic system, fighting pathogens |
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| tricuspid valve (atrioventricular valve) |
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| the right AV valve btw the right atrium and the right ventricle that prevents backflow of blood |
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| red blood cells (erythrocyte) |
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| a vertebrate RBC; contains hemoglobin, which transports oxygen |
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| effects on the hemoglobin molecule, the binding of CO2 decreases the amount of oxygen that is bound for a given partial pressure of oxygen. So as you increase CO2 in the environment, the amount of O2 that is dropped off increases, supporting cellular respiration |
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| fine branches of bronchi that transports air to alveoli |
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| one of a class of proteins in blood plasma, some of which (gamma globulins) function as antibodies |
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| slows down heart rate through parasympathetic control |
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| blood pressure in the arteries when ventricles are relaxed |
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| ciliary action (mucus escalator) |
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| lines the cells of the trachea to trap inhaled foreign particles which the cilia then push upwards to either be swallowed or expelled |
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| a class of protein found in most animal tissues; a fraction of plasma proteins |
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| a measure of the number and size of RBCs in the blood |
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| blood plasma with clotting factors removed |
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