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| associated with the transmission of genetic information; |
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| modification of a cell or bacterium by the uptake and incorporation of exogenous DNA |
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| A virus that specifically infects bacteria |
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| two nucleotides on opposite complementary DNA or RNA strands that are connected via hydrogen bonds |
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| a structure consisting of something wound in a continuous series of loops |
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| the process whereby DNA makes a copy of itself before cell division |
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| the enzyme responsible for DNA replication |
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| A telomere is a microscopic structure found on the end of our chromosomes controlling the number of times a cell can divide and reinvigorate tissue. |
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| transmits genetic information from DNA to the cytoplasm and controls certain chemical processes in the cell |
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| carries coding information to the sites of protein synthesis |
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| one of a class of rather small RNAs used by the cell to carry amino acids to the ribosome which builds proteins using mRNA as a guide. |
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| the process whereby a base sequence of messenger RNA is synthesized on a template of complementary DNA |
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| the enzyme that copies DNA into RNA |
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| a promoter is a region of DNA that facilitates the transcription of a particular gene. |
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| sequence of a eukaryotic gene's DNA that is not translated into a protein |
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| sequence of a gene's DNA that transcribes into protein structures |
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| A chain of peptides or amino acids that are required to make a protein. |
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| the ordering of nucleotides in DNA molecules that carries the genetic information in living cells |
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| a specific sequence of three adjacent nucleotides on a strand of DNA or RNA that specifies the genetic code information for synthesizing a particular amino acid |
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| the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm |
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| A sequence of three nucleotides in transfer RNA that binds to the complementary triplet (codon) in messenger RNA to specify an amino acid during protein synthesis |
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| conversion of the information encoded in a gene first into messenger RNA and then to a protein |
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| any event that changes genetic structure; any alteration in the inherited nucleic acid sequence of the genotype of an organism |
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| a mutation due to an intramolecular reorganization of a gene |
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| is a genetic mutation caused by indels, ie. insertion or deletion of a number of nucleotides that is not evenly divisible by three from a DNA sequence. |
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| any agent (physical or environmental) that can induce a genetic mutation or can increase the rate of mutation |
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| Polyploidy occurs in cells and organisms when there are more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes. |
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| a segment of DNA containing adjacent genes including structural genes and an operator gene and a regulatory gene |
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| A gene-silencing process in which double-stranded RNAs trigger the destruction of specific RNAs. |
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| cellular differentiation is the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type. |
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| A class of genes that play a role in early development |
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| A homeobox is a DNA sequence found within genes that are involved in the regulation of patterns of development (morphogenesis) in animals, fungi and plants. |
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