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| biological science of reconstructing phylogeny |
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| group of related organisms |
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| position in relation to another; included in a clade |
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| philosophical study of biological taxonomy |
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| distinguishing features of a taxa |
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| represents a relationship between taxa |
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| organisms with a common ancestor. |
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| classification of species in order of species to domain |
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| species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain |
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| dominant systematics method for reconstructing phylogeny |
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| biologist who classifies organisms based on the principles of cladistics |
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| phylogenetic tree reconstructed by cladistics method |
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| group of taxon with a common ancestor |
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| any characteristic they have in common |
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| similarity due to a shared a common ancestor |
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| characteristics shared by diff species due to shared evolution |
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| evolution of a similar trait in diff organisms due to another reason other than a common ancestor |
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| shared ancestral character |
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| characteristics that set the taxa apart |
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| inherited from a common ancestor |
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| trait evolved in the ancestor of a group & is present in taxa |
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| annotation of each species with a particular character state of each described character |
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| part of the phylogeny we arent looking at |
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| part of the phylogeny we are looking at |
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| NOT goal oriented.. organisms with favorable characteristics survive, & reproduce organisms more successful than organisms without who dont posses the traits |
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| selective process or force |
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| any phenomena which alters the behavior and fitness of living organisms within an environment |
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| trait with current functional role in life history that is maintained & evolved by means of natural selection |
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| ability of a population to maintain or increase its #'s in succeeding generations. |
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| differential reproductive practice |
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| one group or individual has better success than another |
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| descent with modification |
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| when a trait moves through a species and continues along |
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| diverse groups of animals..(1)evolve form one or a few common ancestors..(2)evolve from natural selection. |
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| stem and leaves, anything above soil |
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| thin outgrowth that absorbs water and nutrients |
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| growth with no limitations |
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| anchors the plant, absorbs nutrients, H20 storage |
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| photosynthesis happens here.. |
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| membrane organelle, isolates materials that may harm the cell, contains waste, contains water. |
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| cellulose, provides support, has a vacuole |
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| intercellular connections |
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| unspecialized, polyhedral cells |
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| unevenly thickened PRIMARY cells |
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| outermost layer of epidermis |
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| outer protective (NON-vascular) layer |
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| water evaporation and gas exchange |
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| in plants only.. bordering parts of the epidermis, size changing in response to change in water levels. |
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| any hairlike outgrowth from the surface of a plant |
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| for strength and waterproofing |
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| sieve tube is connected by.. |
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| for protection of water loss |
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| is for transporting water, minerals, and food |
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| where photosynthesis happens, food is stored, and supports the cell |
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| spore producing generation of plant |
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| asexual reproductive structure |
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| phase producing male and female gametes |
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| cell involved in reproduction (sperm or egg) |
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| reproduction involving union of gametes resulting in a zygote |
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| reproduction by which offspring are from one parent |
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| shared derived characters of plants and algae |
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| enzyme glycolate oxidase, cell division, dna sequencing, ultrastructure of a flagellate cell |
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| shared derived characteristics of plants |
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| gametophytes produce gametes in multicellular gametangia, multicelluar diploid embryo retained on parent plant, sporopollen in spore walls |
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| human offspring in developmental stage |
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| polymer in spore's outter layer |
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| capacity to tolerate dehydration and recover form it without physiological damage |
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| maintain constant internal H20 level |
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| poikilohydry, small attached rhizoids, stomata on sporophytes of horn warts or mosses |
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| liverworts, hornworts, mosses |
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| animals similar on an evolutionary level |
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| anything after a node on a phylogeny.. evolved form a common ancestor |
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| moss growing in wet acidic temperate region that decays and becomes compacted to form peat moss |
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| structure of modern seedless vascular plants |
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| homeohydry, branched sporophytes, rhizomes, roots, leaves ARE the sporophytes. |
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| dichotomous branching occurs in what? |
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| lychophytes! (lycopodium, salaginella, isoetes) |
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| a leaf with only one vascular bundle and no complex veins |
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| appendage supplied by a single unbranched |
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| leaf that bears sporangia(thing that makes spores) |
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| simple hairlike structures that extend from the bottom of bryophytes. |
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| modified stem of a plant, meant to anchor the plant. |
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| non-dichotomous branching, psilotum(whisk fern), equisetum(horsetail), tree/water fern |
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| alteration of generations, flagellated sperm |
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| gametophyte generation is dominant |
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| sporophyte generation is dominant |
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| diversification for spore dispersal |
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| one type of sporangium & spore |
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| megasporangium with megaspores(female) & microspores(male( |
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