Term
| Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? |
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Definition
| Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not. |
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Term
| Which of the following will have the greatest ratio of surface area to volume? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which domains of life are classified as prokaryotes? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which structure is common to plant and animal cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following are found in plant, animal, and bacterial cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| Beginning within the nucleus, the first step leading to the synthesis of a polypeptide is _____. |
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Definition
| transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA |
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Term
| What is the function of the nuclear pore complex found in eukaryotes? |
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Definition
| It regulates the movement of proteins and RNAs into and out of the nucleus. |
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Term
| Which of the following macromolecules leaves the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell through pores in the nuclear membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion? |
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Definition
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Term
| A cell with a predominance of rough endoplasmic reticulum is most likely ________. |
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Definition
| producing large quantities of proteins for secretion |
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Term
| Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large, complex, undigested lipids. |
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Definition
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Term
| The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and, therefore, abundant in liver cells? |
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Definition
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
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Term
| Which of the following is the most common pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell? |
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Definition
rough ER → Golgi → transport vesicle → plasma membrane
RERGolTranPlasMem |
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Term
| Asbestos is a material that was once used extensively in construction. One risk from working in a building that contains asbestos is the development of asbestosis caused by the inhalation of asbestos fibers. Cells will take up asbestos by phagocytosis, but are not able to degrade it. As a result, asbestos fibers accumulate in ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the functions of the Smooth ER ? |
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Definition
lipid synthesis
calcium storage
poison detoxification |
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Term
| What are the functions of the Rough ER? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the functions of the Golgi Apparatus? |
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Definition
protein modification and sorting
cisternal maturation |
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Term
| What are the functions of the lysosomes? |
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Definition
macromolecule digestion
autophagy |
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Term
The pathway of secretory proteins
Proteins that are secreted from a eukaryotic cell must first travel through the endomembrane system. |
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Definition
protein synthesis->endoplasmic reticulum-> cis golgi cisternae->medial golgi cisternae
->trans golgi cisternae->plasma membrane
->extracellular space |
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Term
| The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved ________. |
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Definition
| endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using bacterium in a larger bacterial host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria |
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Term
| Cyanide binds with at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the bound cyanide is likely to be localized within the ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Suppose a young boy is always tired and fatigued, suffering from a metabolic disease. Which of the following organelles is most likely malfunctioning in this disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting with what types of cellular structures? |
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Definition
| components of the cytoskeleton |
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Term
| Which cell structure is found only in prokaryotic cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which cell structures are found only in eukaryotic cells? |
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Definition
nucleolus
lysosome
mitochondria |
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Term
| Which cell structures are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? |
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Definition
plasma membrane
ribosomes
flagelia |
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Term
| In eukaryotic flagella, the fibers that slide past one another due to the activity of dynein proteins are _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Many cell organelles, most notably the nucleus, are anchored by ________ which are assembled from a diverse class of proteins. |
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Definition
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Term
| Centrosomes are sites where protein dimers assemble into _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The extension of pseudopodia in amoeba is due to the regulated assembly and destruction of _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The only cytoskeletal fibers not associated with intracellular movement or whole cell locomotion are the ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| During muscle contractions, myosin motor proteins move across tracks of _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| A cell has formed a food vacuole as it ingested a food particle. Which of the following events is associated with the breakdown of that food particle? |
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Definition
| Digestion of the food particle occurs in a vesicle enclosed by a membrane that separates the digestion from the cytoplasm. |
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Term
| A cell with a predominance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is likely specialized to ________. |
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Definition
| synthesize large quantities of lipids |
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Term
| Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What function is NOT NOT associated with the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells? |
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Definition
| Movement of RNA molecules from the nucleus to the cytoplasm |
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Term
| Vinblastine, a drug that inhibits microtubule polymerization, is used to treat some forms of cancer. Cancer cells given vinblastine would be unable to ________. |
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Definition
| separate chromosomes during cell division. |
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Term
| Amoebae move by crawling over a surface (cell crawling), which involves what? |
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Definition
| Growth of actin filaments to form bulges in the plasma membrane. |
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Term
| Researchers investigating the mechanism of vesicular transport assembled a cell-free system that included microtubule tracks, vesicles, and ATP. However, they observed no movement of transport of vesicles in this system. What were they missing? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is true about the cytoskeleton ? |
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Definition
| Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to move relative to each other. |
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Term
| What proteins are synthesized by bound ribosomes? |
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Definition
ER protein
insulin
lysosomal enzyme |
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