Term
| what is the photosynthetic equation? |
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Definition
| 6CO2 + 6H2O goes to C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
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Term
| the two main pathways of photosynthesis? |
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Definition
| light reactions and light-independant reactions are what? |
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Term
| describe light reactions in photosynthesis |
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Definition
| these are driven by light- pathway converts light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and a reduced electron carrier |
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Term
| describe light-independant reactions |
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Definition
| these do not use light directly, they use NADH and H+ and CO2 to produce sugars- three different forms of this that reduce CO2: calvin cycle, C4 photosynthesis, and crassuleacean acid metabolism |
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Term
| what are the three different pathways that reduce CO2 in photosynthesis? |
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Definition
| calvin cycle, C4 photosynthesis, crassulacean acid metabolism |
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Term
| both light reactions and light-independant reactions occur where in the plant cell? |
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Definition
| these two things happen in the choroplast |
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Term
| what 3 things can happen when a photon hits a molecule? |
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Definition
| a photon can be reflected, transmitted (pass through) or absorbed |
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Term
| molecules that absorb wavelengths of the visible spectrum are called? |
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Definition
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Term
| name 3 different pigments |
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Definition
| chlorophylls, carotenoids, phycobilins |
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Term
| what do cholorphylls look like structurally? |
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Definition
| these are similar to heme in hemoglobin |
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Term
| what two colours does cholorophyll absorb? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 2 roles chlorophyll plays in photosynthesis? |
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Definition
this absorbs light energy and transforms it into chemical energy in the form of electrons AND
it transfers those electrons to other molecules |
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Term
| what are the two different electron transport systems in photosynthesis? |
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Definition
| noncyclic and cyclic are what? |
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Term
| noncyclic electron transport? |
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Definition
| produces NADOH and H+ in electron transport chaine |
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Term
| cyclic electron trnasport? |
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Definition
| produces only ATP in electron transport chain |
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Term
| CHl molecule absorbs the most light during photoII at what wavelength? |
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Definition
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Term
| CHl absorbs the most light during photoI at what wavelengt? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does photosystem one do? |
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Definition
| this uses light energy to reduce NADH+ to NADPH and H+ |
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Term
| what does photosystem II do? |
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Definition
| usues light energy to oxidize water molecules, procucing electrons, protons and O2 |
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Term
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Definition
| this is a model that helps to describe photosystems I and II |
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Term
| in what situation does cyclic electron transport occure? |
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Definition
| this occurs in some organisms when the ration of NADPH + H+ to NADP+ in the chloroplast is high |
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Term
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Definition
| this is the source of ATP produced in photophosphorylation |
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Term
| photophosphorylation is similar to what in mitochondrion? |
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Definition
| ATP formation is similar to what process in photosynthesis? |
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Term
| what is the light-driven production of ATP from ADP and Pi in the chloroplast? |
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Definition
| photophosphoryltion is waht? |
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Term
| what direction (from what to what) do the protons move in photosynthesis? |
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Definition
| from stroma to the the lumen of the thylakoid |
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Term
| the difference in acidities btw thylakoid lumen and stroma results in what? |
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Definition
| the movement of H+ across the thylokoid membrane is due to what? |
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Term
| what channel enzyme in in both plant and animal? |
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Definition
| atp synthASE is found in what? |
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Term
| who does the orientation of atp synthase differ in plants than in mitochonrdia? |
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Definition
| in plants, protons flow through this out of the thylakoid membrane but in animans, they flow INTO the mitochonidrion matrix |
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Term
| what does the calvin cycle do? |
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Definition
| this takes carbon dioxide and turns it into sugar |
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Term
| what are the 3 processes of the calvin cycle? |
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Definition
these processes make up which part of photosynthesis?
-fixation of carbon dioxide
-reduction of 3PG to form G3P
-regeneration of the CO2 accepter, RuBP |
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Term
| this reaction is catalized by rubisco and its product is 3PG |
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Definition
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Term
| this series of reactions involves a phosophorylation and a reduction |
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Definition
| describe the reduction of 3GP to form G3P |
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Term
| most of the G3P ends up as RuMP and ATP is used to convert this compound into RuBP- what is this process |
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Definition
| describe the regeneration of the CO2 acceptor, RuBP |
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Term
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Definition
O OHOP
l l l
H-C-C-C-H
H H |
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Term
| what are the two fates of G3P? |
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Definition
one third of this ends up in starch which is stored in the choloplast
two thirds is converted in the cyctosol into sucrose |
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Term
| what is an example of an oxynase and a carboxylase? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the difference btw respiration and photorespiration? |
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Definition
| one consumes CO2 and produces O2 and the other consumes O2 and produces CO2 |
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Term
| C4 plants differ than C3 plants how? |
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Definition
| C3 plants close on a hot day and photorespiration occurs. C4 plants close but can keep photosynthesizing |
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