Term
| while metabaolizing glucose, what can tells trap? |
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Definition
| cells trap free energy during what metabolizm? |
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|
Term
| C6H12O6 + 6O2 → goes to what? |
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Definition
| what makes these?→ 6CO2 + 6H2O |
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Term
| the combustion of glucose also does what? |
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Definition
| this process also captures the energy stored in glucose |
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Term
| ADP + Pi + free energy make what? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| how much energy does the combustion of glucose form? |
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Definition
| this combustion/metabolism is -686 kcal/mol (-2870 kJ) |
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Term
| the 3 processes that harvest energy from glucose are? |
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Definition
| glycolysis, cellular respiration, fermentation do what? |
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Term
| what does glycolisis make? |
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Definition
| what procuces 2 pyruvate, 4 ATP and 2 NADH |
|
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Term
| does gylcolosis require oxygen? |
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Definition
| no, this does not require oxygen |
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Term
| cellular respiration does what? |
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Definition
| this uses oxygen and completely converts the pyruvates into 3CO2 and makes energy to transform ADP and phosphate into 32 ATP |
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Term
| does cellular respiration require oxygen? |
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Definition
| yes, this requires oxygen |
|
|
Term
| how many ATP does glycolosis and cellular respiration form respectivly? |
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Definition
| 4 and 32 (30 net) molecules of ATP are produced respectivly to waht? |
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Term
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Definition
| this produces lactic acid or ethanol from pyruvate to produce 2 molecules of ATP and CO2 but does not use ozygen |
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Term
| when O2 is available what are the 4 pathways that lead to ATP follow this cycle? |
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Definition
| glycolysis that makes pyruvate, pyruvate oxidation,this into citric acid cycle, this into electron transport chain |
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Term
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what acts as an electron carrier in redox reactions? |
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Definition
| NAD+ acts as what during redox? |
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Term
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Definition
|
|
Term
| how many steps are in glycolosis? |
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Definition
| there are 10 steps in this process |
|
|
Term
| how to the steps of glycolsis split? |
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Definition
| 5 of which are energy-investing reactions (endergonic- uses 2 ATP) and 5 of which are energy-harvesting reactions (exergonic- releases 4 ATP) |
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Term
| the oxidation of pyruvate to acetate also coverts what? |
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Definition
| what coverts to acetyl CoA? |
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Term
| Coenzyme A is formed from what? |
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Definition
| this is 2 carbons bonded to an acetate molecule |
|
|
Term
| what happens when pyruvate diffuses into the mitochondrion? |
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Definition
| pyruvate is oxidized to a two-carbon acetyl group and CO2 is released, |
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Term
| how many steps and what is oxidized into what in the citric acid cycle |
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Definition
| consists of 8 reactions that completely oxidizes two-carbons acetyl group to two molecules of carbon dioxide |
|
|
Term
| what are the 8 steps of the citric acid cycle? |
|
Definition
| citrate, isocitrate, ketoglutrate, succinyl, succinate, fumarate, malate, oxaloacetate |
|
|
Term
| what are the imputs of the citric acid cycle? |
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Definition
| inputs of waht: acetate (CoA), water, oxidized electron carriers (NAD+ and FAD) |
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|
Term
| what are the outputs of the citric acid cylce? |
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Definition
| outputs of?: carbon dioxide, reduced electron carriers (NADH and H+ and FADH2), and a small amount of ATP |
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|
Term
| where does fermentation occur? |
|
Definition
| which energy harvesting thing occurs in the cytosol? |
|
|
Term
| what does fermentation use? |
|
Definition
| uses NADH and H+ formed by glycolysis |
|
|
Term
| what does fermentation produce/reduce? |
|
Definition
| reduces pyruvate and regernerates NAD+ |
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|
Term
| two types of fermentation? |
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Definition
| lactic acid and ethanol/alcoholic are what? |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does ATP production occur? |
|
Definition
| occurs both in electron transport chain and in chemiosmosis |
|
|
Term
| what does the electron chain transport contain? |
|
Definition
| large integral proteins, smaller mobile proteins and an even smaller lipid molecule |
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Term
|
Definition
| this is a small peripheral protin that lies in the intermembrane space |
|
|
Term
| what makes a proton-motive force? |
|
Definition
| a proton concentration gradient and the charge difference btw layers makes what? |
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|
Term
| proton-motive force is coupled with what? |
|
Definition
| ATP synthesis is coupled with what? |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| this is the coupling of proton-motive force and ATP synthesis |
|
|
Term
| what are the end products of glycolosis in aerobic VS anaerobic respiration? |
|
Definition
| pyruvate VS enthanol or lactate |
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|
Term
| in glycholosis, the key control enzyme that is inhibited by excess ATP is called? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| fatty acids a broken down ___ at a time |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| in aerobic cells, the COMPLETE oxidation of glucose produces how many ATP? |
|
Definition
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