Term
| What is the main structure of the plasma membrane? |
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Definition
| the lipid bilayer, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates |
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Term
| Where is the cholesterol? |
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Definition
| it is imbedded in phospholipid; slightly hydrophilic |
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Term
| What is an integral protein? |
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Definition
A protein that is integrated within the plasma membrane
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Term
| What is a transcellular ptotein |
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Definition
| a type of integral protein which has a hydrophilic and hydrophobic head |
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Term
| What is a peripheral protein? |
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Definition
| attached to lipids or integral proteins, it is hydrophilic it stays on surface near fluids |
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Term
| What are the functions of the plasma membrane? |
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Definition
| transport, enzyme activity, signal transduction, cell-cell recognition, intercellular joining, attachment to cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix |
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Term
| what are membrane carbohydrates? |
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Definition
| short branched chains of fewer than 15 sugar units |
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Term
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Definition
| carbohydrates attached to lipids |
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Term
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Definition
| carbohydrates attached to proteins |
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Term
| where are glycoproteins and glycolipids found? |
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Definition
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Term
| What molecules are in constant lateral motion |
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Definition
| proteins and phospholipids |
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Term
| Why do phospholipids move faster than proteins? |
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Definition
| because they weigh less and move to stay alive |
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Term
| What is the relationship between temp and fluidity? |
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Definition
| as temp increases fluidity increases, as temp decreases fluidity decreases |
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Term
| What is the relationship between amount of fatty acids and fluidity? |
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Definition
| more unsaturated fat more fluidity, more saturated fat less fluidity |
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Term
| What does cholesterol do in plasma membrane? |
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Definition
| it restricts movement of phospholipids, reduces fluid in plasma membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| the point of contact between 2 cells |
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Term
| What is the plasmodesmata |
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Definition
| cell junction of a plant cell where the cell wall of one cell forms a tunnel connecting another adjacent cell. cytosol is transferred between the 2 cells |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of junctions in animal cells |
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Definition
| tight junction, desmosomes, and gap junction |
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Term
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Definition
| when transmembrane of one cell fuses with transmembrane of another cell which forms a zipper to seal the distance between so no fluid leaks |
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Term
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Definition
| two cells hook to eachother by transmembrane proteins which hold muscle cells |
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Term
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Definition
| fuse with 2 transmembrane proteins with tunnels that has pores so that important molecules may pass |
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Term
| Is the plasma membrane permeable? |
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Definition
| yes, but it has selective permeability? |
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Term
| What can go through the phospholipid bilayer? |
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Definition
small molecules, hydrophobic, or carry no charges. Others need aid to cross |
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Term
| What is passive transport? |
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Definition
| transport with its concentration gradients, high to low without using external energy |
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Term
| What is active transport? |
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Definition
| transport against their concentration gradients using external energy |
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Term
| What is simple diffusion? |
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Definition
| movement of a substance through plasma membrane with gradient without using energy; movement of particles of any substance so they spread out into the available space |
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Term
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Definition
| net movement of water across the plasma membrane from higher concentration to lower |
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Term
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Definition
| ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to lose or gain water |
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Term
| What does hypertonic and hypotonic solutions do to animal cells? |
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Definition
| shrivel-hyper, and burst-hypo |
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Term
| What do hypertonic and hypotonic solutions do to a plant cell? |
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Definition
| hyper-shrivel and hypo-turgid (normal) |
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Term
| What does tonicity depend on? |
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Definition
| the concentration of non permeating solute |
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Term
| What do plants and animals like tonicity wise? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is facilitated diffusion? |
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Definition
| to cross a plasma membrane using protein transporters |
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Term
| What are channel proteins? |
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Definition
| they provide corridors that allow specific molecues or ions to cross. |
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Term
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Definition
| protein channels that transport ions, they are highly specific and are gated channels which open/close response to stimuli |
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Term
| What do hydrophilic passageways allow in channel proteins? |
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Definition
| small ions or water molecules to pass quickly from one side to another |
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Term
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Definition
| water channel proteins which facilitate massive amounts of diffusion |
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Term
| What is primary active transport? |
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Definition
| if the process uses chemical energy such as atp |
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Term
| What is secondary active transport? |
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Definition
| a form of active transport which you need to have transporter on top of a plasma membrane, one moleculecrosses membrane from low to high concentration and the other crosses with its concentration gradient. |
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Term
| What happens when H+ and sucrose is transported via secondary active transport? |
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Definition
| they both transport at the same time by H+ uses its own energy while sucrose borrows H+ energy |
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Term
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Definition
| where molecules enter/exit in the form of vesicles |
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Term
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Definition
| substance exits the cell in the form of a vesicle |
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Term
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Definition
| where the substance enters the cell in form of vesicles |
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Term
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Definition
| where cell engulfs a food particle wrapping a food vacuole around it |
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Term
| What is pinocytosis? (cell eating/drinking) |
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Definition
| where membrane concaves with molecules inside then closes forming a vesicle around it |
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