Term
| What is the size of a cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who invented the microscope, and when? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does a light microscope work? |
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Definition
| It sends a light beam to your eye through the slide |
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Term
| How does an electron microscope work? |
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Definition
It uses a beam of electrons to an electromagnet streamed into a monitor
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Term
| what is the max magnification of a light and electron microscope |
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Definition
| light=1000 and electron=100 fold more than the light microscope |
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Term
| What does prokaryote mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does eukaryote mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do parokaryotes and eukaryotes have? |
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Definition
| plasma membrane, dna, ribosomes, cytosol, and chromosomes |
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Term
| What does the prokaryote have that eukaryote doesnt have? |
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Definition
| no nuclear membrane, dna is surrounded by nucleoid, no cytoplasm, no membrane bound organelles |
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Term
| What does a eukaryote have that a prokaryote doesnt? |
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Definition
| dna surrounded by nuclear membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes membrane bonded organelles |
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Term
| What is a plasma membrane? |
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Definition
| the barrier between cell and outside |
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Term
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Definition
| largest organelle with a double membrane in charge of transporting substances in and out of cell. |
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Term
| What is the nuclear lamina? |
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Definition
| nuclear membrane that is lined by these chromosomes which contain 1 dna molecule and proteins |
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Term
| how many pairs of chromosomes are there? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the middle of the nucleus contains genetic information, RNA and protein also contains large and small subunits of ribosomes |
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Term
| What does the cytoplasm consist of? |
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Definition
| cytosol which is the fluid portion that contains h2o and dissolved substances in it. |
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Term
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Definition
| small organelles produced by the nucleus which consist of subunits, ribosomal RNA, and proteins |
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Term
| What are the 2 types of ribosomes? |
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Definition
| free ribosomes- in cytosol and bound ribosomes attached to nucleus and synthesizes protein |
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Term
| What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum |
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Definition
| network of membranes calles reservoirs or cisterna, a continuation to the nuclear membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| tubular shaped ER which is not covered by ribosomes |
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Term
| What are the functions of Smooth ER? |
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Definition
site for lipid synthesis, phospholipid, steriods, and fat
site for carbohydrate metabolism
detox of drugs
store calcium ions |
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Term
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Definition
| flat sacks which is next to the nuclus covered by bound ribosomes |
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Term
| What are the functions of the rough ER? |
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Definition
protein is taken, then folds them (glycoprotein)
modifys protein adds a string
then pakages the protein to the golgi apparatus |
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Term
| What is the golgi apparatus? |
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Definition
| a network of membranes forms cesternae; flattened |
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Term
| What are the functions of golgi apparatus? |
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Definition
| receives packaged protein modifies it, sortes, packages it, and releases to cytoplasm |
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Term
| What is a secretory protein? |
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Definition
| protein goes outside a cell put into a vesicle |
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Term
| Where does the transport protein stay |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| small organelles or vesicles that contain over 60 types of digestive enzymes, internal environment is acidic. Protein is made inside ribosomes |
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Term
| what are the functions of lysosomes? |
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Definition
phagocytosis-digesting food autophagy break down damaged organelles
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Term
| What kind of vacuoles are there |
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Definition
| food vacuoles, central vacuoles-plants/algae |
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Term
| What is the function of a vacuole |
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Definition
| to absorb water and increase cell size |
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Term
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Definition
| an organelle found in all eukaryotes major source of atp, powerhouse structure. |
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Term
| what is the structure of mitochondria |
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Definition
outermembrane-smooth inner-convoluted foldings (cristae)
fluid-matrix, dna, ribosomes, and enzymes necessary for respiration |
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Term
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Definition
| green organelles in plants where photosynthesis occurs |
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Term
| What is the structure of the chloroplast |
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Definition
intermembrane space-space between the inner/outermembrane
outer/inner membrane
thykaloids and granum |
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Term
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Definition
| membranous sacks stack on eachother, inside inner membrane |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inside thykaloids absorb light |
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Term
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Definition
| small vesicles that contain oxideses and produce hydrogen peroxide |
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Term
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Definition
| enzymes in peroxisomes that reove hydrogen from molecule and add it to oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| the skeleton of the cell which shape the shell |
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Term
| How does the cytoskeleton shape the cell? |
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Definition
| protein fivers extend through the cell foundin the cytoplasm |
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Term
| What are the 3 groups of cytoskeletons |
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Definition
| microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filiaments |
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Term
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Definition
| hollow tubes of cytoskeleton, includes protein tubulin increase by adding subunits or release subunits decreasing length |
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Term
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Definition
determine shape
control movement of cell
control movement of organelles
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Term
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Definition
| consists of solid rods found in plasma membrane lined the cell or fibrous |
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Term
| What is actin in microtubules? |
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Definition
| A globular protein that is responsible for muscle contraction and relaxation |
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Term
| What are intermediate filaments? |
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Definition
| solid rods smaller than microtubules bigger than filaments has several types of proteins |
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Term
| What do intermediate filaments do? |
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Definition
| stabilize organelles, restrict movement of organelles |
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Term
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Definition
| a region in cytoplasm close to the nucleus, consists of 2 certrioles which consist of 9 clusters of micrutubules |
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Term
| What is the cilia and flagellum? |
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Definition
| extension from the plasma membrane |
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Term
| What does the flagellum do? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| moves back and forth giving direction of organisms movement and traps dush particles |
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Term
| What does the cell wall of plants do |
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Definition
| protects the cell maintain shape prevent excessive h2o uptakeand hlds plant up against force of gravity |
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Term
| What kind of cells include extracellular matrix |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| glycoprotein fivers extend in extracellular fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| long polysaccharide attached to small protein |
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