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| wen cell undergo _______ daughter cells inherit DNA, organelles,& cytoplasm |
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| DNA wraps around proteins known as ________ in eukaryotes |
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| Interpahse is the _______ part of da cell cycle |
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| tween G1& G2 phases & during da S phase |
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| cells dat have 1 set, /half da #of chromosomes as most odda cells r |
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| da chromosomes r pulled 2 opp ends of da cell during |
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| da chromosomes r fixed w/a chem prior 2 imaging 2 make a karyotype during |
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alternate 4ms of genes r shuffled
parental DNA is divided& distributed 4ming gametes
da diploid chromosome #is reduced 2 haploid
offspring r provided w/new gene combos |
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r da same size
carry info 4 da same char (even tho alleles may no b da same)
r in paires, 1 chromosome from da father & 1 from da mother
pair up during meiosis |
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| meiosis typically results in da production of |
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| alters da comp of chromosomes& results in new combos of alleles being channeled in2 da daughter cells |
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| which is true of human chromosomes |
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da haploid # is 23
da diploid # is 46
there r 23 pairs/sets of chromosomes
gametes contain 22 autosomes&1 sex chromosome |
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Term
| during fertilization, which 2 items combine 2 4m a zygote |
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Definition
| 2 haploid cells from da previous generation |
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| alleles r various 4ms of a ____ @a given locus |
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| in a condition where incomplete dominance is seen in flower color if M is red& m is white da offpring of da cros of MM w/mm will |
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| is all offspring of a cross have da genotype Ll, da parents of da crosses wud most likely b |
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| explains da behavior of a pair of alleles during meiosis |
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| Mendel's dihybrid crosses, but not his monohybrid crosses, showed dat |
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| alleles 4 diff traits were inherited independently |
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| a single gene is known as ____________ if it effects many traits |
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| genes on da same chromosome r separated from each odda mo'a frequently during crossing ova if they r |
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| farther apart on da chromosome |
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Term
| da following demonstrate da effects of da env on phenotype: |
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plants da vary in height dur 2 altitude
globesity
folic acid 2 prevent birth defects
darker fur on da tail, ears, nose,& legs of a Himalayan rabbit |
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Term
| cont. variation in phenotype is graphically represented by |
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| chromosomes not involved in sex determination r known as _______& r found in _______ ____ |
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determine gender
have genotypes XX& XY
carry some genes dat have nothing 2 do w/sex
were unknown 2 Mendel |
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| is a visual display of chromosomes arranged according 2 size |
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| a woman heterozygous 4 colorblindness (an X-linked recessive allele) marries a man w/normal color vision. What is the probability dat their 1st child will b colorblind? |
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| a chromosome's gene sequence dat was ABCDEFG b4 modification& ABEFG afterward is an example of |
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| down syndrome involves trisomy of chromosome __ |
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| ABO blood types demonstrated da concept of |
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| muscle fibers grown in culture have da capability of accomplishing all of these EXCEPT |
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| Rosalind Franklin used which technique 2 determine may of da physical car of DNA? |
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Term
| eat DNA strand has a 'backbone' dat consists of alternating |
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Definition
| sugar& phosphate molecules |
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Term
| wot is da 4m of RNA dat comprises da structure considered da 'protein factory', da site where da protein is assembled? |
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Term
| transfer RNA differs from odda types of RNA coz it |
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Definition
| carries an amino acid @1 end |
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Term
| da complete process of protein synthesis is dependent on |
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Definition
DNA polymerases
DNA
transcription
translation |
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Term
| da 4mation of a cell plate occurs during |
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| cytokinesis in plant cells |
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Term
| cell division in cancer cells occurs 2 rapidly due 2 |
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Definition
| a loss of control ova da 'molecular brakes' in G1 |
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| Huntington's disease provided an example of an heritable condition as a result of a ________ genetic disorder |
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can b caused by both sex-linked& autosomal genetic abnormalities
is generally polygenic
occurs in most vertebrates
is da inability 2 produce melanin |
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| a _________ condition is where there is 1 mo'a/1 less chromosome dan normal in an individual org |
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Term
| polydactylia is a genetic condition where da phenotype displays |
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| makes new strands from old strand templates |
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| protein synthesis utilizes da DNA code 2 assemble |
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generally have no effect on organisms
is there is an effect, it is generally negative
may come about thru da action of mutagens
if in somatic cells r not heritable |
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Term
| ________ can provide + changed in DNA which, if heritable, can provide variability among members of a specimen, providing da basis 4 'natural selection& survival of da fittest' |
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random
beneficial
harmful
heritable |
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Term
| stabilizing selection means dat |
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Definition
| da extremes of da pop have a lesser chance 2 survive |
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Term
| which of da following carried amino acids 2 ribosomes, where amino acids r linked in2 da primary structure of a polypeptide |
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| da synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template strand is |
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| there r how many diff kinds of amino acids in proteins? |
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Term
| of all da diff codons dat exist, 3 of dem |
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Definition
| do not specify a particular amino acid but provide instructions such as "stop" |
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Term
| if da DNA triplets were ATG-CGT, da tRNA anticodons wud b |
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| azexually produced daughter cells r |
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| identical 2 each odda& identical 2 da mother cell |
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Definition
may exchange parts during meiosis
have alleles 4 da same char even tho da gene expression may not b da same
r in pairs, 1 chromosome of each pair from da father& 1 from da mother
pair up during meiosis |
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Term
| meiosis typically results in da production of |
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| sister chromatids of each chromosome r separated from each odda |
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| pairing of homologues& crossing ova occur during |
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| which does NOT produce variation? |
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| da location of an allele on a chromosome |
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| if R is dominant to r, da offspring of da cross of RR w/rr will |
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Definition
| display da same phenotype as da RR parent |
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Term
| da results of a testcross reveal dat all offspring resemble da parent being testes. Dat parent necessarily is |
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Term
| if all da offspring of a testcross r alike& resemble da org being tested, den dat parent is |
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Term
| mendel's principle of independent assortment states dat |
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Definition
| each hereditary unit is inherited separately from odda hereditary units |
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Term
| da usu F2 phenotypic ratio of a dihybrid cross is |
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Term
| is a child has an AB blood type, da parents |
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Definition
| can have diff blood types, but neither can b blood type O |
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Term
| coat color in 1 breed of mice is controlled by imcompletely dominant alleles so dat yellow& white r homozygous, while cream is hetrozygous. Da cross of 2 cream individuals will produce |
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Definition
| =# of white & yellow mice, w/twice as many creams as da odda 2 colors |
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Term
| da F2 phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross involving a gene w/incompletely dominant alleles is |
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