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Bio Ch.10 Vocab
Biology : Cells
32
Biology
9th Grade
02/29/2016

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Term
Anaphase
Definition
The third phase of mitosis,during which the chromosome pairs separate and move toward the opposite poles.
Term
Cancer
Definition
A disorder in which some of the body's own cells lose the ability to control growth.
Term
Cell Cycle
Definition
series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide.
Term
Cell division
Definition
process by which cell divides into two new daughter cells
Term
Cell plate
Definition
structure in plant cells that appears between the divided nuclei. Developes into membrane, then cell wall.
Term
Centrioles
Definition
two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope.
Term
Centromere
Definition
area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached
Term
chromatin
Definition
granular material visible within the nucleus: consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins.
Term
Chromosome
Definition
threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next.
Term
Cyclins
Definition
one of a family of closely related proteins that regulate the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells.
Term
Cytokinesis
Definition
division of cytoplasm during cell division
Term
Diploid
Definition
term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes
Term
DNA
Definition
nucleic acid that stores and transmits hereditary information
Term
DNA over load
Definition
if cells grow without limits they would put too much stress on DNA.
Term
Embryonic stem cells
Definition
unspecialized cells that have the potential to differentiate.
Term
External Regulators
Definition
proteins that respond to events outside the cell
Term
G1
Definition
part of cell cycle where the cell does most of it's growing.synthasizes new proteins and organelles.
Term
G2
Definition
shortests phase, all molecules and organelles required for cell division are produced.
Term
Haploid
Definition
term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single st of genes.
Term
Internal regulators
Definition
proteins that respond to events that occur inside the cell.
Term
Interphase
Definition
period of cell cycle between cell divisions.
Term
Metaphase
Definition
second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up acrost the center of the cell.
Term
Mitosis
Definition
part of eukaryotic cell division in which the cell nucleus divides.
Term
M phase
Definition
part of cell cycle where mitosis and cytokinesis occur
Term
p53
Definition
molecule that controls the cell cycle
Term
prophase
Definition
first and longest stage. chromatin condenses into chromosomes, the centrioles seperate and spindle begins to form.
Term
S phase
Definition
part of cell cycle where dna replication occurs
Term
Sister Chromatids
Definition
part of chromosome after it has been replicated.
Term
somatic stem cells
Definition
human cells without marker protein
Term
spindle fibers
Definition
during prophase, chromosomes become attached to these.
Term
telophase
Definition
part of cell cycle where chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the cell and lose their distinct shape. two nuclear envelopes will form
Term
therapeutic cloning
Definition
cloning designed as therapy for a disease.
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