*Breaking down of organic molecules to produce ATP.

-Process begins w/ glycolysis, and the goes to fermentation or aerobic respiration

*A 6 C glucose is oxidized (lose electrons) into 2 three C pyruvic acids.

-Takes place in the cytosol of cell.

-4 steps

-If glycolysis occurs in an anaerobic (no oxygen) environment, then fermentation follows.

-Does not make ATP, but regenerates NAD+ ( NADH <-> NAD) to keep glycolysis going.

-Occurs in the cytosol

-2 types of fermintation- lactic acid & ethyl alcohol

-They differ in enzymes used & compounds made.

* Pryuvic acid is converted into lactic acid (a 3C compund), using enzymes.

NAD+ w/ H+ (NADH <--> NAD+) keeps glycolysis going.

-Used to manufacture dairy products

*Used by some unicellular organisms.

Pyruvic acid is converted into ethyl alcohol.

-Done by removing Co2 molecule from pyruvic acid, forming a 2C compound.

-Used to make some wines & allow bread to rise.

*Process in which cells make ATP by breaking down organic compounds, w/ O2 as the final electron acceptor

-Takes place in mitochondria.

-2 stages: Kerbs Cycle & ETC

*Biochemical pathway that breaks down Acetyl CoA to release CO2.

-Occurs in matrix of mitochondria.

-5 steps

-Rest of ATP comes from NADH and FADH2- that was formed in glycolysis & Kerbs Cycle.

-Done in an ETC

-Occurs in cristae of mitochondria.

-For every NADH, 3 ATP formed

-For every FADH2, 2 ATP formed