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Bio Cells Unit Test
NA
54
Biology
9th Grade
02/28/2013

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Term
Unicellular Organism
Definition
an organism that consists of only one cell
Term
Eukaryote
Definition
a cell with a mucleus and other membrane-bound organelles
Term
Ecosystem
Definition
collection of organisms and nonliving things such as climate, soil, water, and rocks in an area
Term
Molecule
Definition
two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
Term
Organ System
Definition
2 or more organs that work in a coordinated way to carry out similar functions
Term
multicellular organism
Definition
an organism that consists of multiple cells
Term
organelle
Definition
structures specialized to perform distinct processes within a cell
Term
fluid mosaic model
Definition
describes the arrangement of the molecules that make up the cell membrane
Term
dissection/stereoscope
Definition
optical instrument with two eyepieces used to see a 3 dementional effect on two photographs taken of the same scene but from slightly different angles
Term
cell theory
Definition

1. all organisms are made of cells

2. All existing cells are produced from other living cells 

3. the cell is the most basic unit of life

Term
prokaryote
Definition
cells that do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles
Term
tissue
Definition
a group of cells that work together to perform a similar function
Term
atom
Definition
smallest basic unit of matter
Term
organ
Definition
a group of different types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or related functions
Term
selective permeability
Definition
cell membrane allows some, but not all materials to cross the membrane
Term
cell membrane
Definition
forms a boundary between a cell and the ourside environment and controls the passage of materials into and out of the cell
Term
endoplasmic reticulum
Definition
network of thin folded membranes that help in the production of proteins
Term
nuclear membrane
Definition
double-layered membrane enclosing the nucleus of a cell
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
jelly like substance that contains dissolved molecular buliding blocks (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids)
Term
golgi apparatus
Definition
stacks of layers of membranes that change, package, and carry proteins to the cell
Term
vacuoles
Definition
sacs of fluid that store materials in a cell
Term
nucleus
Definition
primary location of the genetic material (DNA) in the cell
Term
mitochondria
Definition
bean shaped structure in a cell that produce energy that is usable by the cell
Term
chloroplasts
Definition
part of a plant cell that carries our photosynthesis
Term
ribosomes
Definition
tiny organelles responsible for hooking amino acids together to make proteins
Term
lysosomes
Definition
contains enzymes that protect the cell and recycle old cell parts
Term
cell wall
Definition
strong, rigid, layer of plant cells that protect, support, and shape
Term

Hooke

 

Definition
first to identify and name cells
Term
Leeuwenhoek
Definition
made better lenses and observed cells in greater detail
Term

1. schleiden 

2. Schwann

3. Virchow

Definition

1.noted that all plants are made of cells

2. said that all living things are made of cells

3. said that all cells come from other cells

(all contributed to cell theory) 

Term
Smooth ER vs. Rough ER
Definition

Smooth ER: the surface of the ER is not covered in ribosomes

Rough ER: the surface of the ER is covered in ribosomes

Term
3 Characteristics All Cells Have in Common
Definition
  • microscopic in size
  • similar building blocks
  • enclosed by a membrane that controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell
Term
heirarchy of life and examples for each
Definition
  1. biome: savanna                                 9. atoms: ion
  2. ecosystem: everglades
  3. population: alligators
  4. organism: 1 alligator
  5. body systems: muscular system
  6. organs: heart
  7. tissue: muscle tissue
  8. organelles: nucleus
Term
difference between plant and animal cells
Definition
  • plant cells have a cell wall
  • plant cells have chloroplasts
  • plant cells have larger vacuoles
  • plant cells do not have lysosomes
Term
Would it be easier for a big or a small cell to get the nutrition necessary to live?
Definition

Small cell because a larger cell has too big of a ratio of surface area to volume

 

 O Surface Area=1 

Volume=2

O

Surface Area=4

volume=16

Term

magnification of compound microscope under:

1. High Power

2. Low Power

3. How do you find it?

Definition

1. 400x

2. 40x

3. multiply magnification of eyepiece lens by the magnification of the objective lens

Term

how to measure the size of an orgnism under:

1. High Power

2. Low Power

3. How does the area compare and why?

Definition
  1. Take a ratio of potato starch grains in a certain area 
  2. Put a ruler under the microscope and measure the incraments
  3. The area of high power is smaller because you are seeing it closer up than on low power
Term

Electron microscope

1. view

2. specimen preparation

3. advantages

4.disadvantages

Definition
  1. more than 100,000x the original
  2. specimen must be in a vacuum
  3. higher magnifications
  4. cannot study living things
Term

Compound Microscope

1. view

2. specimen preparation

3. advantages

4.disadvantages

Definition
  1. up to 2000x the original
  2. specimen must be placed on a slide
  3. can view some living things, such as bacteria
  4. specimen has to be almost transparent, very thin
Term
diffusion
Definition
the movement of molecules in a fluid or gas from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration
Term
osmosis
Definition
movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
Term
hypertonic solution
Definition

a solution with a higher concentration of dissolved particles than a cell

(water flows out of cell)

Term
hypotonic solution
Definition
solution that has a lower concentration of dissolved particles than a cell
(water flows into cell)
Term
isotonic solution
Definition

same concentration of dissolved particles as the cell

(water moves in and out of cell)

Term
use solute, solvent, and solution to describe a familiar situation
Definition

solution=koolaid

solvent= water

solute=powder

Term
active transport
Definition
the movement of molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration using chemical energy from the cell
Term
passive transport
Definition
the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration without energy input from a cell
Term
  1. exocytosis
  2. endocytosis
  3. pinocytosis
  4. phagocytosis
Definition
  1. releases of substances out of the cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane
  2. taking liquids or large molecules into a cell by engulfing them in a membrane
  3. type of endocytosis where the membrane engulfs liquid into the cell
  4. type of endocytosis where the membrane engulfs large particles into the cell
Term
receptor
Definition
protein that detects a signal molecule and performs an action in response
Term
ligand
Definition
molecule a receptor binds to
Term
intracellular receptor
Definition
receptor within a cell
Term
concentration gradient
Definition
difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another
Term
transport proteins
Definition
openings formed by proteins that pierce the cell membrane
Term
facilitated diffusion
Definition
diffusion of molecules across a membrane through transport proteins
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