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Definition
| an organism that consists of only one cell |
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Definition
| a cell with a mucleus and other membrane-bound organelles |
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| collection of organisms and nonliving things such as climate, soil, water, and rocks in an area |
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Definition
| two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds |
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Definition
| 2 or more organs that work in a coordinated way to carry out similar functions |
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Definition
| an organism that consists of multiple cells |
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Definition
| structures specialized to perform distinct processes within a cell |
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Definition
| describes the arrangement of the molecules that make up the cell membrane |
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Definition
| optical instrument with two eyepieces used to see a 3 dementional effect on two photographs taken of the same scene but from slightly different angles |
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Definition
1. all organisms are made of cells
2. All existing cells are produced from other living cells
3. the cell is the most basic unit of life |
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Definition
| cells that do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles |
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Definition
| a group of cells that work together to perform a similar function |
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Definition
| smallest basic unit of matter |
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Definition
| a group of different types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or related functions |
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Definition
| cell membrane allows some, but not all materials to cross the membrane |
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Definition
| forms a boundary between a cell and the ourside environment and controls the passage of materials into and out of the cell |
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Definition
| network of thin folded membranes that help in the production of proteins |
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Definition
| double-layered membrane enclosing the nucleus of a cell |
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Definition
| jelly like substance that contains dissolved molecular buliding blocks (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids) |
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Definition
| stacks of layers of membranes that change, package, and carry proteins to the cell |
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Definition
| sacs of fluid that store materials in a cell |
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Definition
| primary location of the genetic material (DNA) in the cell |
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Definition
| bean shaped structure in a cell that produce energy that is usable by the cell |
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Definition
| part of a plant cell that carries our photosynthesis |
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Definition
| tiny organelles responsible for hooking amino acids together to make proteins |
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Definition
| contains enzymes that protect the cell and recycle old cell parts |
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Definition
| strong, rigid, layer of plant cells that protect, support, and shape |
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Definition
| first to identify and name cells |
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Definition
| made better lenses and observed cells in greater detail |
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Term
1. schleiden
2. Schwann
3. Virchow |
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Definition
1.noted that all plants are made of cells
2. said that all living things are made of cells
3. said that all cells come from other cells
(all contributed to cell theory) |
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Term
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Definition
Smooth ER: the surface of the ER is not covered in ribosomes
Rough ER: the surface of the ER is covered in ribosomes |
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Term
| 3 Characteristics All Cells Have in Common |
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Definition
- microscopic in size
- similar building blocks
- enclosed by a membrane that controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell
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Term
| heirarchy of life and examples for each |
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Definition
- biome: savanna 9. atoms: ion
- ecosystem: everglades
- population: alligators
- organism: 1 alligator
- body systems: muscular system
- organs: heart
- tissue: muscle tissue
- organelles: nucleus
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Term
| difference between plant and animal cells |
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Definition
- plant cells have a cell wall
- plant cells have chloroplasts
- plant cells have larger vacuoles
- plant cells do not have lysosomes
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Term
| Would it be easier for a big or a small cell to get the nutrition necessary to live? |
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Definition
Small cell because a larger cell has too big of a ratio of surface area to volume
O Surface Area=1
Volume=2
O
Surface Area=4
volume=16
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Term
magnification of compound microscope under:
1. High Power
2. Low Power
3. How do you find it? |
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Definition
1. 400x
2. 40x
3. multiply magnification of eyepiece lens by the magnification of the objective lens |
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Term
how to measure the size of an orgnism under:
1. High Power
2. Low Power
3. How does the area compare and why? |
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Definition
- Take a ratio of potato starch grains in a certain area
- Put a ruler under the microscope and measure the incraments
- The area of high power is smaller because you are seeing it closer up than on low power
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Term
Electron microscope
1. view
2. specimen preparation
3. advantages
4.disadvantages |
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Definition
- more than 100,000x the original
- specimen must be in a vacuum
- higher magnifications
- cannot study living things
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Term
Compound Microscope
1. view
2. specimen preparation
3. advantages
4.disadvantages |
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Definition
- up to 2000x the original
- specimen must be placed on a slide
- can view some living things, such as bacteria
- specimen has to be almost transparent, very thin
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Term
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Definition
| the movement of molecules in a fluid or gas from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration |
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Term
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Definition
a solution with a higher concentration of dissolved particles than a cell
(water flows out of cell) |
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Term
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Definition
solution that has a lower concentration of dissolved particles than a cell
(water flows into cell) |
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Term
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Definition
same concentration of dissolved particles as the cell
(water moves in and out of cell) |
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Term
| use solute, solvent, and solution to describe a familiar situation |
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Definition
solution=koolaid
solvent= water
solute=powder |
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Term
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Definition
| the movement of molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration using chemical energy from the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration without energy input from a cell |
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Term
- exocytosis
- endocytosis
- pinocytosis
- phagocytosis
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Definition
- releases of substances out of the cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane
- taking liquids or large molecules into a cell by engulfing them in a membrane
- type of endocytosis where the membrane engulfs liquid into the cell
- type of endocytosis where the membrane engulfs large particles into the cell
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Term
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Definition
| protein that detects a signal molecule and performs an action in response |
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Definition
| molecule a receptor binds to |
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Definition
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Definition
| difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another |
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Definition
| openings formed by proteins that pierce the cell membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| diffusion of molecules across a membrane through transport proteins |
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